Is the American Dream Over Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gender equality Essay

The job of man and lady in the public eye is affected by an assortment of components. These elements differ with the religion, culture, verifiable convictions, living standards and encounters. In this way, sex job in the public eye can be characterized as the job depicted by a person regarding a mix of variables or any of them, contingent upon the everyday environments. In the Filipino old stories, Tungkung Langit and Alunsina, Alunsina is an excellent goddess and was sought by the god, Tungkung Langit for a long time. At the point when they got hitched, they built up a home in paradise, a spot where everything was flawlessly as per the desire of these two divine beings. Alunsina’s dedicated spouse needed to carry request to the confounded universe. He was the person who orchestrated the grand bodies and kept up request and consistency on the planet. At some point, Tungkung Langit went for a long excursion to sort out time for the world. Alunsina really wanted to send the breeze to keep an eye on Tungkung Langit. At the point when the god knew about the government agent, sent by his significant other, he got frantic at his better half and disclosed to her a ton of disdainful things. For Tungkung Langit, Alunsina’s act was indecent by getting envious since there were no divine beings on the planet with the exception of them. Alunsina didn't acknowledge this difficult analysis from Tungkung Langit, so she said a great deal of destructive things to him. This drove the god to drive his significant other away. After this, the wonderful goddess was gone forever. We can say that Alunsina did an inadmissible thing to the pride of Tungkung Langit by keeping an eye on his activity. Alunsina was a troubling individual who needed to plan something for stop her concern. She sent a government agent with the goal that she would feel eased of his husband’s circumstance. It is additionally conceivable that Alunsina was so infatuated with Tungkung Langit that she would not like to be away from him. Since Tungkung Langit accomplished all the work in keeping up request on the planet, Alunsina didn't have anything to do yet be a spouse to his significant other. A wife’s job is to trust that the spouse will return home. This job was normal by all spouses who put stock in the delicacy of ladies. Nonetheless, Alunsina was likewise a goddess. We can say that all divine beings have restricted tolerance in view of the large measure of intensity they have. Such force carries pride and certainty to do everything they need. Tungkung Langit discovered his motivation as a divine being which was to carry request to the confounded world. Then again, Alunsina’s job as a patient spouse was insufficient for this amazing goddess who can order the manifestations in the worldâ such as the breeze. Henceforth, she chose to leave Tungkung Langit. Beside outrage, disappointment, there may be different reasons why Alunsina didn't come back to Tungkung Langit. A divine being has powers and to value their reality, the person must utilize it. This relationship is like humans’ gifts and quest for their motivation. The affection for Tungkung Langit isn't sufficient. Alinsuna may have chosen to search for an appr oach to adore her perfect being as how Tungkung Langit communicated his self esteem by keeping up request on the planet. A great deal of ladies today resemble Alunsina. We are not certain to search for satisfaction beside being a modest spouse. Engaged ladies love themselves not on the grounds that they meet the desires for other however they put stock in their ladylike excellence and ability to appear as something else. In the article, albeit numerous cliché sexual orientation jobs have reduced after some time, still, people may not be equivalent when it boils down to specific undertakings. In today’s society, I accept that it is still hard being a lady as opposed to taking care of business. I accept this on the grounds that, in addition to the fact that women still make some hard memories searching for employments, and being equivalent in the workforce, however ladies are still judged in light of the fact that they are basically ladies. In spite of the fact that in today’s society ladies and men are not that distinctive in their jobs throughout everyday life, ladies can do pretty much the entirety of the employments that men can do like Sarah Elago. She is the present leader of the National Union of Students in the Philippines (NUSP), a solid and delightful lady that qualities initiative and love for the young and her individual compatriots. Gone are the days are the place when ladies just needed to remain at home and be the house defender. Ladies are gradually entering numerous fields that men are generally plenteous in, for example, legal counselors, specialists, mechanics, police, and furthermore military. Regardless of whether these realities are worthy or not in a specific culture is an unessential inquiry. The primary concern is sexual orientation jobs in the public eye are not, at this point an imposing business model or a commitment for any person. So as to support a superior living, a person’s unrestrained choice ought to be the sole determinant of their job.

23 People with the Worlds Most Ridiculous Job Titles

23 People with the World’s Most Ridiculous Job Titles Have you heard of a Pornography Historian? Yeah, you heard right and if you are reading this article, you are in for far more ridiculous title than your laughing ribs can bear. (This write-up is without prejudice or malice to anyone. I was j just compiling the world’s title innovating souls).According to a study by the Resolution Foundation, the idea of job title inflation has been growing in recent years, and there is steady growth in the increase of people who have senior-sounding job titles but who still earn middle-ranking wages or did not do as much as you would think they did.Job title inflation is not all about career opportunism. The report found that the proportion of managers in the retail sector earning less than £400 a week increased from 37% to nearly 60% during the 2000s.Cable explored how firms can benefit from re-titling their roles and a survey three months later revealed that employee-participants were 16% more satisfied with their work and 11% more closely ident ified with the company than employees in a control group.But what’s the harm rebranding a traditional job title or creating a new one entirely?Henry Goldbeck has argued that creative” job titles confuse clients, also have the potential of seriously hurting job applicants in the digital era.Since resumes are picked up by searching keywords, he says that no one’s impressed by cool stuff like witty job titles”.However, this has not deterred people from using genius or crazy or weird sounding or ridiculous titles.If anything, the trend seems to be going more viral than ever. It is getting more of putting a title to anything you are doing even if it is a hobby or re-titling yourself to explore your freedom and job acceptance.In any case, this list is sure to crack you up, put you in disbelief and it will also educate you.So, sit back and enjoy your reading!TECH WORLD1. Matthew Shoup (Hacker-in-Residence at  LinkedIn)Heads up! Doctors no longer hold the authority on the word “Re sidence” in the professional parlance. Another individual has just incorporated the trademark and it is no other person than the ingenious Matthew Shoup, a former employee of LinkedIn.He was initially employed as a “Technical Marketer”, but he redefined his role by creating internal tools and converting designs into products. Be that as it may, he has substantially earned himself not just a reputation from his wonder title that beckons shock but also a slot on this list. Cheers, Matt!2. David Shing (Digital Prophet at  AOL)Sounds like there is a new name for digital forecasters. Not so fast though, some genius has a monopoly of thought on this one. David Shing has coined out a unique one and also has a business card with an embedded microchip with the inscription: “Digital Prophet, AOL.” This guy is paid quite a lot for his market vision powers. This is the Digital Wall Street X-Men!MARKETING3. Valentine Uhovski (Chief Storyteller at  Microsoft)Now, here is a fantastic one . Microsoft created an office to change customer perception and it is the storytelling office. The description is great and the title is genius.Someone somewhere is paid by this giant company for telling stories to affect customers’ opinion.Guess it is time to polish your storytelling skills and stop telling just your spouse your funny stories. Microsoft is paying!4. Justin Timberlake (Chief flavor officer at  Bai Brands)Thought the word was Brand Ambassador. But Bai brands made it official and even has an advisory role. Think of something executive, think of CFO.None other than the pop sensation, Justin Timberlake got this role and he flies the flag for the brand.Holla Justin, your title is awesome.SOCIAL MEDIA5. Amanda Brennan (Meme librarian at Tumblr)The nature of viral memes and jokes have demanded the office space for a librarian at Tumblr.Personally, I agree that this job is much needed else, the ingenuity and special savagery we get to see and crack our ribs will soon disa ppear.Memes on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, Sports blogs etc. Tumblr is creating a digital intellectual property museum and the initiative is laudable.Amanda Brennan is a content and community associate at Tumblr, but she is often referred to as a ‘meme librarian’.She is in charge of watching ongoing trends and creating archives for historic or special ones. Like an artifacts collector. The necessity may not be debatable, but the title is undoubtedly one of the most ridiculous job titles ever.SPECIAL CATEGORIES6. Trent Arsenault (Freelance Sperm Donor)Just when the idea of job title innovation was getting better, Trent decided to give us a reason to drop our jaws in disbelief. He is taking freelancing a notch higher.What is not clear is whether the sperms come in test tubes or he literally comes to deliver it via the natural means, you know what I mean. *winks*.Whichever way, Trent seems to have refined the bounds of freelancers to fertilization experts.Just take it easy Trent. 7. In-House Philosopher (at  Google)Heads up, Philosopher King. Here is proof that multinational tech companies are not all Software and Artificial Intelligence freaks.In order to get a humanistic perspective to engineering problems, Google created a special portfolio for a degree holder in Philosophy! And you can now guess what the job title is. Great idea Google, great perspective.8. Ludwig Dahl (In Charge of the Big Door)Fortunately, not only the top executives or marketers are entitled to rebranding their job titles.Being a gatekeeper gives one a lot of time to ponder on this kind of subject.Are you wondering how this is going to fit in right into the CV? Put your worries to bed. Call Ludwig Dahl.9. Émile Burbidge (Chief Play Officer at  Toys “R” Us)His job is to play with the toys! The Company hires a child every year to test the toys just before it goes on to the shelves.Personally, I think the job creators and employers racked their brains to come up with a job title tha t could best convey its description. Enter, Chief Play Officer.I mean, what else would a child pray for?Get paid to play with toys. Phew!Even some adults will secretly wish they got this job.Forget what it is going to sound like on their CV or when they introduce themselves outside the company: “I am the Chief Play Officer ….”. Anyway, Émile has admitted this is the “coolest job” ever.I cannot disagree. What a job!10. Lonnie Johnson (Professional Snuggler)When did people start getting paid to give hugs and to cuddle? Why do you and I have to work this hard? I mean, life is this easy!So, Lonnie is in the noble profession of giving out warmth, hugs and cuddling to whoever needs it. It is more of a call than a job. A truly noble call. What I cannot really place my finger on is whether Lonnie is paid for the hugs and cuddling or for hugging and cuddling without sexual intent.If it were to be the latter, I doubt Lonnie would care about his call once he gets to hug Khloe Kardas hian.But then, Lonnie is not just a snuggler. He is a professional.So, do you care for some cuddling? Or your fiancé wants a professional touch? Lonnie is a call away. 11. Luke Howard (Namer of Clouds)My gosh! Namer of clouds? This is the point we doff our hats.This is not just a title innovation, but also a job innovation. It just happens that I do not know employers in this line of work. It is probably a monopolistic kind of stuff. Just for daring, innovative entrepreneurs.12. Derek Gordon (Ranch Dressing Expert)Thinking of a decorator? No, this guy arranges drinks on the shelves.Looking for an organized bar or to set your supermarket in order? Call Derek the Ranch Dressing Expert.13. James Dunstan (Space Lawyer)This is an “out-of-this-world” lawyer. Trained and specializes in the affairs and legal system of aliens…oops! I meant the laws of outer space. It’s all getting tough down here and we all should understand James diversionary, creative and out-of-the-box interest.P iercing through the veil of the hilarious job title lies a whole domain of law that transcends international law and instruments.On a lighter note, we really do not know where James should situate his office.On the moon? Or perhaps, more fittingly, space.14. Kris Holm (Extreme Unicyclist)How this became a job title is probably a mystery.This is one of the weirdest titles in the world and Kris Holm seems to have pioneered the move that will forever change the world of job title creativity and also leave us in awe.We know who unicyclists are and Kris is just not contented with being with the faint-hearted.He ventures into dangerous landscapes and he decided that such exploits should feature in his ‘job title to show the distinction.After all, who would not add the Ph.D. after his name to reflect his high status.How this would fit into your CV in case you have such description is what the employers would have to deal with, not me. It is an extreme job. 15. Lee Sambrook (Head of Eleph ants)Desperate Head of Department? You said so. My hands are washed. Lee chooses to magnify his office and it is so scary what his idea is.The Head of Elephants? Really, Lee? What’s up, bro?[youtubehttps://m.youtube.com/watch?v=sV_w3CodBcww=640h=330]16. Russell Kleinbach (Bride Kidnapping Experts)“Hello, I’m a bride kidnapping expert”. You cannot but love complimentary cards that come with this title.Russell runs a business of surprising brides by picking them up and dropping them off at their husband’s house.This is not just weird, it is crazy hilarious for a job title.17. Sarah Durdin Robertson (Head of Potatoes)Wow! You just have to bring the finest quality to the table once it concerns what people refer to as your job title. What do you call me if I am in charge of organizing potatoes and making sure they are right in line?Well, you got your answer.18. Ghazaali Jafaar (MILF Commander)Hmmm. Why am I suddenly so sure the first thing that popped into your mind was a busty neighbor or colleague or friend or that porn star! You are so crude!You are probably even thinking MILF commander is a someone who controls a group of busty porn stars and how on earth this became a job title.I was in that category and laughed out my ass before punching the job title on google.Guess what came up: Moro Islamic Liberation Front Commander. Happens to be an Islamic movement.It spoilt the fun a bit but I got wondering which organization would name its hierarchy such.So weird. Before long, I got laughing again.19. Bill Margold (Pornography Historian)My Gosh! So there is actually someone who does this?I cracked up for approximately an hour when I heard this.There is actually someone in the world that has the responsibility of studying and keeping records of how porn came into existence and its evolution.What a cool, sacred job.Someday, you get to invite your parents or your family to work. Or do something cooler than that â€" tell your fiancé’s dad about your work in d etails.A kind of father-in-law bonding you know? Just get us his reaction. That’s all we ask, you know.20. Stan Cuavin (Bread Scientist)The era of “bakers” seems to be fast fading away with the ‘scientists who are now trying to take over the world. Bread scientist!I sincerely guess that Stan must have heard of and seen food scientists.He rediscovered that he worked in a bakery and something about title rebranding must have struck him.Stan is an incredible worker, committed to work, creativity, and branding. He has also committed to scientifical analyzes of dough.Thank you, Stan â€" you made the world to see the best in your job.21. Ray Woolfe (Director of Sandbags)All your board of directors, music, movie directors et al be feeling special. Here comes the Director of sandbags. Sandbags are bags filled with sand to stop flooding.So many technicalities can be involved (you know) that it demands a special director. I dare you to arrive at a better title. Director…hmmm. We’l l leave it at that.Just in case you want to sandbag your house (how to sandbag properly): 22. Boot Shew (Ex-Moonshiner)You will always get to wonder what this awesome genius was thinking when he introduced himself as an “ex-moonshiner”.I thought people were paid based on their current employment or a pension after retiring from a legal job.Guess what?This man has just broken that rule.He has a job of being a former guy that distills spirits illegally.I mean, the job of being the former guy.He is retired and wants to show he deserves respect for his contribution.What a way to cunningly couch a well-deserved title. THE ULTIMATE23. Ogechi Ololo (Commissioner for Happiness and Purpose Fulfillment A real ministry just set up by a Nigerian State Government in 2017)Toward the end of 2017, the Governor of Imo State of Nigeria, Rochas Okorocha, established a state department (ministry) to be known as Ministry for Happiness and Purpose Fulfilment. The first of its kind in all the earth.H e then appointed his sister as Commissioner. The Commission is to ensure people in the state are happy people. What a Government Portfolio. To crown it, the Commission was initially named Ministry of Happiness and Couple’s Fulfilment before the distinguished governor claimed it was the Printer’s Devil that caused the error!You hear all this and you stop to ask, “Am I really in this comical world?”.Not funny to Nigerians. Enter the State Commissioner for Happiness and Couple’s Fulfilment A real rib cracker to the rest of the world.CONCLUSIONThey are crazy, they are funny and weird! Fancy it or not, it obviously seems these hilarious titles have come to stay.But no pressure. If you honestly think your job title is fine â€" you can keep it traditional just like that or you could give it a bogus uplift.However, one thing is paramount about innovating job titles: once you want to include a non-traditional job title into your Curriculum Vitae, make sure it is not ambiguous or a non-sense. So, find your flavor today!

Essay on The Backlash of Prohibition - 801 Words

Although the temperance movement was concerned with the habitual drunk, its primary goal was total abstinence and the elimination of liquor. With the ratification of the 18th Amendment to the Constitution, the well-organized and powerful political organizations, utilizing no holds barred political tactics, successfully accomplished their goal. Prohibition became the law of the land on January 16, 1920; the manufacturing, importation, and sale of alcohol was no longer legal in the United States. Through prohibition, America embarked on what became labeled â€Å"the Nobel Experiment.† However, instead of having social redeeming values as ordained, prohibition had the opposite effect of its intended purpose, becoming a catastrophic failure.†¦show more content†¦Unlike salons, the speakeasies welcomed women and the women came, thus creating additional customers for alcohol. The speakeasies needed a steady supply of alcoholic beverages, and with no breweries or distillers to supply them, organized crime stepped in to fill the void. Hence, by alcohol becoming illegal, a free market no longer existed, which lead to a restraint of trade. As most, black-market offerings. Illegal liquor offered huge profits as well as heated competition. As with almost all black market offerings, illegal liquor generated huge profits and heated competition. As example, gangsters such as Al Capon gunned down their competition, thus enabling them to have a monopoly on liquor sales. (three changes are needed). In actuality, many gangsters died while defending free enterprise. Capone, once his competition was eliminated, could set the prices as high as he wished since there was no competition in Chicago. In one year, Al Capon made Sixty million dollars in liquor sales alone due to outrageously inflated alcohol prices. With capacious amounts of money earned through the sale of illegal liquor. Capone managed to bribe judges, police, and the important politicians of Chicago. Re portedly, eighty to ninety percent of the city’s police force was on his payroll. Corruption of public officials ran rampant. For example, with the profits Capone earned he was able to insure the electionShow MoreRelatedProhibition in the United States764 Words   |  3 PagesProhibition in the United States was a built up reaction to alcohol and illicit drugs from the Temperance and other religious organizations beginning in the 1840s and intensifying during the Reconstruction Period. By using increasing pressure on legislators, lobbying through Churches and, of course, embarrassing public officials into a stance, these organizations forced the ratification of the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in January 1919. This law prohibited the manufacture, sale, orRead More The War on Drugs is Failing Essay1228 Words   |  5 PagesThe War on Drugs is Failing â€Å"Prohibition will work great injury to the cause of temperance†¦ for it goes beyond the bounds of reason in that it attempts to control a man’s appetite by legislation and make a crime out of things that are not a crime. A prohibition law strikes a blow at the very principle upon which our government was founded† Abraham Lincoln On January 16, 1920 the Eighteenth Amendment was ratified by thirty-six states and became part of the Constitution. The intentionRead MoreThe Bureau Of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, And Explosives1330 Words   |  6 Pagesalcoholic beverages (1). The prohibition did little to stop people from drinking, instead the masses took to bootlegged alcohol and underground saloons and distilleries (1). The chaos caused by these underground places and the criminals vying for control of the alcohol supply business motivated the government to bolster it s efforts in enforcing the amendment. From 1920 to 1926 dry agents were brought in to enforce the Prohibition Act (1). Eventually this prohibition units of agents was turned intoRead MoreProhibition Of Drugs And Alcohol1492 Words   |  6 PagesPopular belief holds that consumption of drugs and alcohol encourages violence and that the appropriate response is prohibition of these goods. However, a different viewpoint is that prohibition creates illegal underground markets, which require violence and crime to remedy in-house disputes. This paper examines the relationship between prohibition and violence using the historical data and behavior following previous U.S. drug and alcohol laws, regulations, and enforcement on indicators of violenceRead MoreThe Nightmare of Prohibition Essay1690 Words   |  7 Pagesalso known as the National Prohibition Act, determined intoxicating liquor as anything having an alcoholic content of more than 0.5 percent, excluding alcohol used for medicinal and sacramental purposes. The act also set up guidelines for enforcement. Prohibition was meant to reduce the consumption of alcohol, therefore reducing the rates of crime, death rates and poverty (Poholek, 2). However, some of the United States communities had already prepared for Prohibition. In the three months beforeRead MoreA Sociological And Humanistic Perspective1714 Words   |  7 Pageslaw, that is to say, the social environment prece ding the law as as well as societal circumstances and events that culminated to create the right environment for the law to pass. It is also necessary to understand the social reaction and potential backlash to the establishment or proposal of the law in order to explain how it was passed. Additionally, the evolution and current status of the law is to be explained by social factors that may have led to the repeal, replacement, or acceptance of the lawRead MoreProhibition Essay1739 Words   |  7 Pagesalso known as the National Prohibition Act, determined intoxicating liquor as anything having an alcoholic content of more than 0.5 percent, excluding alcohol used for medicinal and sacramental purposes. The act also set up guidelines for enforcement. Prohibition was meant to reduce the consumption of alcohol, therefore reducing the rates of crime, death rates and poverty (Poholek, 2). However, some of the United States communities had already prepared for Prohibition. In the three m onths beforeRead MoreHistory of Drug Laws and Law Enforcement1637 Words   |  7 Pages(Cocaine). These fabrications concerning cocaine steadily became more and more extreme. In fact, many Southern police forces began carrying more powerful weapons because smaller guns were rumored to be unable to kill a black man high on cocaine (Prohibition (drugs)). This widespread moral panic eventually led to the adoption of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 and the Harrison Act of 1914. The Pure Food and Drug Act required that manufacturers must list the amounts of all habit-forming substancesRead MoreThe Repeal Of The National Minimum Drinking Age927 Words   |  4 PagesThe repeal of prohibition by the twenty-first Amendment in December of 1933 allowed for each state to set its own alcohol consumption age. After the passage of the twenty-sixth Amendment, which lowered the national drinking age to eighteen, thirty states had lowered the minimum drinking age to eighteen, nineteen, or twenty (â€Å"Prohibition†). In 1984, the enactment of the National Minimum Drinking Age Act prompted states to raise the legal age for purchase of public possession of alcohol to twenty-oneRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Its Effects On Society1564 Words   |  7 Pages The War on Drugs is a deep-rooted controversial campaign of prohibition and military a id that has been disputed for many years. There are constant debates as to whether there will ever be a viable solution to the problem. However, as we continue to pursue the â€Å"war on drugs,† it has become increasingly evident that â€Å"winning† the war seems to be an impossible task. Drug prohibition and the undertaking of the war on drugs have stirred much controversy over its moral and logical implications. While

Midterm Review Essay - 963 Words

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The follow question is one of two to be answered for the midterm. - BeShow MoreRelatedMidterm Review1485 Words   |  6 PagesInteractive Management Science MSamp;E 107/207, Midterm Review The Flaw of the Averages Mindle 1 / Uncertainty vs. Risk * Risk is in the eye of the beholder * Risk reflects how uncertain outcomes cause loss or injury to a particular individual or group * Risk attitude measures the willigness to incur risk in the quest of reward * Different risks to the same uncertainty Mindle 2 / An uncertain number is a shape * A distribution * â€Å"Uncertain numbers† * Risk is subjective Read MoreMidterm Review2002 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿The Federal Circuit Court of Appeal has appellate jurisdiction over the U.S. Claims Court. True Which of the following terms best describes the decision reached by an arbitrator? Award The dispute resolution method that is most likely to be used by a regulatory agency to negotiate the provisions of the regulations with the interested groups so that there is less likelihood of a challenge once the regulations are promulgated is: regulatory negotiation With reference to the federal governmentRead MoreReview for Midterm I1634 Words   |  7 PagesCalifornia State University –Fullerton Econ 201- Review for Midterm I Dr. El Hag- Spring 2010 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____1.The slope of a line that passes through the points (10, 15) and (20, 7) is a. | -5/4. | b. | -4/5. | c. | 4/5. | d. | 5/4. | ____2.If Shawn can produce more donuts in one day than Sue can produce in one day, then a. | Shawn has a comparative advantageRead MoreGeology Midterm Review2404 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction to Geology GEOL-101 Midterm 1 Review Based on the textbook: Understanding Earth, 6th Edition, by Grotzinger and Press CH 1: earth system Summary The human creative process, field and lab observations, and experiments help geoscientists formulate testable hypotheses (models) for how the Earth works and its history. 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Relationship Between Knowledge Management And Decision Making Free Essays

Relationship between knowledge management and decision making In today’s complex and turbulent environment, knowledge management has become increasingly important in decision making. Unlike in the past where organizations employed consultants or experts to aid with the decision making process, these actors have today been replaced by knowledge managers and decision making is increasingly being supported by decision support systems with built in knowledge base (Gamble 2001). In this view, this paper examines the relationship between knowledge management and decision making. We will write a custom essay sample on Relationship Between Knowledge Management And Decision Making or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is no universally accepted definition of the term ‘Knowledge management’. However, in this context, it will be used in reference to the strategies and practices used by an organization to capture, store and distribute knowledge that is either embodied in individuals or embedded in the process and practices of the organization (Holsapple 1995). As noted by Joshi (2001), knowledge management has important implications on decision making in an organization. Effective KM should support the process of decision making and strategic planning. For example, knowledge management plays a major role in the planning phase of a project. Based on the current information, forecasters guide decision makers in making complex decisions in the business world characterized by increased risks and uncertainty. The entire decision making endeavour is made based on the outcome of forecasting, a knowledge intensive activity (Mohammed Jalal 2011). Knowledge management is thus important in tactical decision making. Knowledge management in organizations is supported by information technology. That is, Knowledge Management Systems rely on routines programmed in the logic of computational machinery (Malhotra 2004). The expertise and experiences of employees are stored in computerized databases. Both the tacit and explicit knowledge are stored in computerized databases and software programs for re-use in future (Malhotra 2004). In fact, most of the knowledge management experts acknowledge that technology contributes around 15% of the solution (Gamble 2001). However, technology in itself is not sufficient. Of great importance are the people with knowledge. People are the main determinant of the success or failure of knowledge management. But still, managing knowledge is no easy task. As suggested by Karlin Taylor (1998), acquiring knowledge is not the real problem that organizations face, rather the main challenge is the lack of skills to manage such knowledge in order to ensure effective decisions. It is a major challenge to capture knowledge such as data, information and experiences from individuals that possess them and to use such ingredients and transform them into knowledge that would enhance decision making (Mohsen et al. 2011) Practical examples where knowledge management guide decision making A perfect case where knowledge management can guide decision making is in the PC market. Given the competitive environment which has resulted in diminishing margins in the PC markets, Dell may need to shift focus to hosting services (Malhotra 2004). To do so more effectively, Dell would first have to harvest knowledge through experimentation, adaptation and innovation (Malhotra 2004). Then it would need to redefine both the business and customer value propositions. Another area where knowledge management has proven to be useful in decision making is the banking sector. Due to increase in competition and the growing integration of financial institutions, most banks are increasingly targeting at improving on customer satisfaction in order to continue to thrive. As such, the process of knowledge creation, storage and distribution has become essential such that banks have assigned specialized personnel to manage these critical processes (Mohsen et al. 2011). Knowledge management in banks is particularly evident in the fields of risk management, performance management, customer relationship management and marketing management (Jayasundara 2008). Banks have invested heavily in knowledge management systems such as Decision Support Systems, Data Mining and Data warehouses (Jayasundara 2008). Through such systems, banks have been able to improve and attain more efficient results in decision making. According to a survey by Reuters, it was found that 90% of the companies that deployed a KM solution had more efficient results in decision making (Malhotra 2001). The survey also revealed that 81% of the companies that deployed a KM solution experienced an increase in their productivity (Malhotra 2001). A similar study by Lui Young (2007) in the manufacturing sector showed that global manufacturing businesses utilized knowledge management systems such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Product Life Cycle Management (PLM) and Customer Relations Management to enhance their manufacturing decisions. Given the vital role that knowledge management plays in decision making, it is not surprising to find many organizations transforming knowledge from being an abstract concept to a tangible and manageable one (Oduoza 2010). But, whilst there is a general agreement that knowledge management enhances the decision making process and leads to worthwhile decisions, there are certain instances where such systems can fail. Why knowledge management systems may fail? Where knowledge management information systems are seen an end in themselves, failure is guaranteed. ‘Knowledge’ and ‘information’ have different meanings. Knowledge resides in the user and happens only through the processing, analyzing and filtering of data via human brain (Liew 2007). On the other hand, information refers to refined data that can be re-used (Liew 2007). The two are not the same yet many organizations fail to understand the difference and become frustrated when significant investments in technology fail to deliver the expected results (Paprika 2001). In order to harvest employee knowledge and to turn it into corporate knowledge that can be widely shared, strategic thinking and planning must come into play. Without a strategic plan or a guiding strategy for increasing margins, knowledge management information systems are bound to fail. For example, if the technology department is only department mandated with a knowledge management initiative, then such systems are unlikely to deliver the expected outcomes. To ensure the success of knowledge management systems, it is important to foster an environment that allows for knowledge sharing. Yet most organizations are still defined by hierarchical structures that do not support interdepartmental collaboration (Paprika 2001). Creating an organizational culture that supports sharing of knowledge is important to avoid such systems from failing. Also, too much focus on IT-based knowledge management may impair a firm’s capacity for knowledge creation (Malhotra 2000). Solutions often tend to specify the ‘minutiae of machinery’, ignoring the human psychology of how people in the organization acquire, share and create knowledge (Malhotra 2000). Such constrained and restricted perspective of knowledge management can be detrimental on a firm’s learning and adaptive capabilities (Malhotra 2000). In fact, it becomes more problematic in a dynamic environment that requires multiple interpretations and ongoing evaluation (Malhotra 2000). In order to address this weakness inherent in IT-based knowledge management, it is equally important to focus on the synergy of innovation and human creativity. Nonetheless, the process of decision making is a knowledge intensive activity. Explicit knowledge that is obtained from repositories and the tacit knowledge that is obtained through a one on one interaction between a manager and an employee can be used to support decision making. Reference Gamble, P.R., 2001. Knowledge management: a state of the art guide. Kogan Publishers Holsapple, C.W., 1995. ‘Knowledge management in decision making and decision support’. The international Journal of knowledge Transfer and Utilization, vol.8 (1), pp.5-22 Jayasundara, C.C., 2008. Knowledge Management in Banking Industries: uses and opportunities. Joshi, K.D., 2001. ‘A framework to study knowledge management behaviours during decision making’. Journal of the University Librarians Association of Sri Lanka, Vol. 12, PP.68-79. Karlin, S., and Taylor, H. 1998. An Introduction To Stochastic Modeling. Orlando, Fla.: Harcourt Lehaney, B., 2004. Beyond knowledge management. Idea Group Inc Liew, A., 2007. ‘Understanding data, information, knowledge and their inter-relationships’. Journal of knowledge Management Practice, vol.8 (2) Malhotra, Y., 2004. ‘Why Knowledge Management Systems FailEnablers and Constraints of Knowledge Management in Human Enterprises’. In: Michael E.D. Koenig T. Kanti Srikantaiah (Eds.), Knowledge Management Lessons Learned: What Works and What Doesn’t, Information Today Inc. American Society for Information Science and Technology Monograph Series, 87-112. Malhotra, Y., 2001. Expert Systems for Knowledge Management: Crossing the Chasm between Information Processing and Sense Making. Expert Systems With Applications, 20,1, 7-16. Malhotra, Y., 2000. ‘From information management to knowledge management: beyond the ‘hi-tech hidebound’ systems’. In: K. Srikantaiah M.E.D. Koenig (eds), knowledge management for the information professional. Medford, N.J., Information Today Inc., pp.37-61 Mohammed, W. and Jalal, A., 2011. ‘The influence of knowledge management system (KMS) on enhancing decision making process (DMP)’. International Journal of Business and Management, vol.6 (8) Oduoza, C.F., 2010. Decision support system based on effective knowledge management framework to process customer order enquiry, UK. Paprika, Z.Z., 2001. Knowledge management support in decision making. Budapest, Hungary Publishers Ltd. 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The Ancient Olympics Essays - Multi-sport Events, Individual Sports

The Ancient Olympics Since 1896, the year the Olympics were resurrected from ancient history, the Olympics have been a symbol of the camaraderie and harmony possible on a global scale. The gathering of athletic representatives, the pride of the pack, from participating governments, even throughout the recent Cold War period, is proof that world unity is possible; just as it was in Ancient Greece with the polis or city-states. Olympic Games were held throughout Ancient Greece, but the most famous are the games that were held in Olympia in honor of Zeus every four years from August 6th to September 19th. The first record of these games is of one Coroebus of Elis, a cook, winning a sprint race in 776 BC. Most historians believe the games to have been going on for approximately 500 years before this. In the year Coroebus was made a part of history, there was apparently only one simple event, a race called the stade. The track was said to be one stade long or roughly 210 yards. In subsequent games, additional events were to be added, most likely to increase the challenge to these amazing athletes. In 724 BC, the diaulos, a two stade race, was added, followed by a long distance race, about 2 miles and called the dolichos, at the next games four years later. Wrestling and the famous Pentathlon were introduced in 708 BC. The Pentathlon consisted of five events; the long jump, javelin throw, discus throw, foot race, and wrestling. The Pentathlons, especially the successful ones, were often treated and even worshipped like gods. Because of their exquisite physiques, they were used as the models for statues of the Greek Gods. The superior athletic ability of these athletes affects the games even today. The twisting and throwing method of the discus throw, which originated in Ancient Greece, is still used today. The original events were even more challenging than those of today. The modern discus weighs in at just 5 pounds, one-third of the original weight, and the long jumps were done with the contestant carrying a five pound weight in each hand. The pit to be traversed in this jump allowed for a 50 foot jump, compared to just over 29 feet in our modern Olympics. Apparently, the carried weights, used correctly, could create momentum to carry the athlete further. Legend has it that one Olympian cleared the entire pit by approximately 5 feet, breaking both legs as he landed. One significant difference between the modern and ancient games; the original Olympians competed in the nude. Because of this, the 45,000 spectators consisted of men and unwed virgin women only. The only exception to this would be the priestess of Demeter who was also the only spectator honored with a seat. The young unwed women were allowed to watch to introduce them to men in all their splendor and brutality whereas it was felt that married women should not see what they could not have. In addition, the virgins had their own event which occurred on the mens religious day of rest. Called the Haria, in honor of Hara the wife of Zeus, the young women would race dressed in a short tunic which exposed the right breast. Traditionally, Spartan women dominated this event, being trained from birth for just this purpose. The religious undertones of the events became extremely apparent on the third day of the games when a herd of 100 cows were killed as a sacrifice to Zeus. In actuality, only the most useless parts were burned in honor of Zeus; most of the meat would be cooked and eaten that day. The sacrifices were conducted on a huge cone-shaped alter built up from the ashes of previously sacrificed animals. The mound was so large, the Greeks would cut steps into the cone after discovering it could be hardened by adding water and drying. Another ingenious invention was a system to prevent early starts in the foot races. It consisted of a bar in front of the runners to ensure they all start at the same time. This most likely was viewed as a blessing by the competitors, as previous to this, they would be beaten by the