Is the American Dream Over Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Gender equality Essay

The job of man and lady in the public eye is affected by an assortment of components. These elements differ with the religion, culture, verifiable convictions, living standards and encounters. In this way, sex job in the public eye can be characterized as the job depicted by a person regarding a mix of variables or any of them, contingent upon the everyday environments. In the Filipino old stories, Tungkung Langit and Alunsina, Alunsina is an excellent goddess and was sought by the god, Tungkung Langit for a long time. At the point when they got hitched, they built up a home in paradise, a spot where everything was flawlessly as per the desire of these two divine beings. Alunsina’s dedicated spouse needed to carry request to the confounded universe. He was the person who orchestrated the grand bodies and kept up request and consistency on the planet. At some point, Tungkung Langit went for a long excursion to sort out time for the world. Alunsina really wanted to send the breeze to keep an eye on Tungkung Langit. At the point when the god knew about the government agent, sent by his significant other, he got frantic at his better half and disclosed to her a ton of disdainful things. For Tungkung Langit, Alunsina’s act was indecent by getting envious since there were no divine beings on the planet with the exception of them. Alunsina didn't acknowledge this difficult analysis from Tungkung Langit, so she said a great deal of destructive things to him. This drove the god to drive his significant other away. After this, the wonderful goddess was gone forever. We can say that Alunsina did an inadmissible thing to the pride of Tungkung Langit by keeping an eye on his activity. Alunsina was a troubling individual who needed to plan something for stop her concern. She sent a government agent with the goal that she would feel eased of his husband’s circumstance. It is additionally conceivable that Alunsina was so infatuated with Tungkung Langit that she would not like to be away from him. Since Tungkung Langit accomplished all the work in keeping up request on the planet, Alunsina didn't have anything to do yet be a spouse to his significant other. A wife’s job is to trust that the spouse will return home. This job was normal by all spouses who put stock in the delicacy of ladies. Nonetheless, Alunsina was likewise a goddess. We can say that all divine beings have restricted tolerance in view of the large measure of intensity they have. Such force carries pride and certainty to do everything they need. Tungkung Langit discovered his motivation as a divine being which was to carry request to the confounded world. Then again, Alunsina’s job as a patient spouse was insufficient for this amazing goddess who can order the manifestations in the worldâ such as the breeze. Henceforth, she chose to leave Tungkung Langit. Beside outrage, disappointment, there may be different reasons why Alunsina didn't come back to Tungkung Langit. A divine being has powers and to value their reality, the person must utilize it. This relationship is like humans’ gifts and quest for their motivation. The affection for Tungkung Langit isn't sufficient. Alinsuna may have chosen to search for an appr oach to adore her perfect being as how Tungkung Langit communicated his self esteem by keeping up request on the planet. A great deal of ladies today resemble Alunsina. We are not certain to search for satisfaction beside being a modest spouse. Engaged ladies love themselves not on the grounds that they meet the desires for other however they put stock in their ladylike excellence and ability to appear as something else. In the article, albeit numerous cliché sexual orientation jobs have reduced after some time, still, people may not be equivalent when it boils down to specific undertakings. In today’s society, I accept that it is still hard being a lady as opposed to taking care of business. I accept this on the grounds that, in addition to the fact that women still make some hard memories searching for employments, and being equivalent in the workforce, however ladies are still judged in light of the fact that they are basically ladies. In spite of the fact that in today’s society ladies and men are not that distinctive in their jobs throughout everyday life, ladies can do pretty much the entirety of the employments that men can do like Sarah Elago. She is the present leader of the National Union of Students in the Philippines (NUSP), a solid and delightful lady that qualities initiative and love for the young and her individual compatriots. Gone are the days are the place when ladies just needed to remain at home and be the house defender. Ladies are gradually entering numerous fields that men are generally plenteous in, for example, legal counselors, specialists, mechanics, police, and furthermore military. Regardless of whether these realities are worthy or not in a specific culture is an unessential inquiry. The primary concern is sexual orientation jobs in the public eye are not, at this point an imposing business model or a commitment for any person. So as to support a superior living, a person’s unrestrained choice ought to be the sole determinant of their job.

23 People with the Worlds Most Ridiculous Job Titles

23 People with the World’s Most Ridiculous Job Titles Have you heard of a Pornography Historian? Yeah, you heard right and if you are reading this article, you are in for far more ridiculous title than your laughing ribs can bear. (This write-up is without prejudice or malice to anyone. I was j just compiling the world’s title innovating souls).According to a study by the Resolution Foundation, the idea of job title inflation has been growing in recent years, and there is steady growth in the increase of people who have senior-sounding job titles but who still earn middle-ranking wages or did not do as much as you would think they did.Job title inflation is not all about career opportunism. The report found that the proportion of managers in the retail sector earning less than £400 a week increased from 37% to nearly 60% during the 2000s.Cable explored how firms can benefit from re-titling their roles and a survey three months later revealed that employee-participants were 16% more satisfied with their work and 11% more closely ident ified with the company than employees in a control group.But what’s the harm rebranding a traditional job title or creating a new one entirely?Henry Goldbeck has argued that creative” job titles confuse clients, also have the potential of seriously hurting job applicants in the digital era.Since resumes are picked up by searching keywords, he says that no one’s impressed by cool stuff like witty job titles”.However, this has not deterred people from using genius or crazy or weird sounding or ridiculous titles.If anything, the trend seems to be going more viral than ever. It is getting more of putting a title to anything you are doing even if it is a hobby or re-titling yourself to explore your freedom and job acceptance.In any case, this list is sure to crack you up, put you in disbelief and it will also educate you.So, sit back and enjoy your reading!TECH WORLD1. Matthew Shoup (Hacker-in-Residence at  LinkedIn)Heads up! Doctors no longer hold the authority on the word “Re sidence” in the professional parlance. Another individual has just incorporated the trademark and it is no other person than the ingenious Matthew Shoup, a former employee of LinkedIn.He was initially employed as a “Technical Marketer”, but he redefined his role by creating internal tools and converting designs into products. Be that as it may, he has substantially earned himself not just a reputation from his wonder title that beckons shock but also a slot on this list. Cheers, Matt!2. David Shing (Digital Prophet at  AOL)Sounds like there is a new name for digital forecasters. Not so fast though, some genius has a monopoly of thought on this one. David Shing has coined out a unique one and also has a business card with an embedded microchip with the inscription: “Digital Prophet, AOL.” This guy is paid quite a lot for his market vision powers. This is the Digital Wall Street X-Men!MARKETING3. Valentine Uhovski (Chief Storyteller at  Microsoft)Now, here is a fantastic one . Microsoft created an office to change customer perception and it is the storytelling office. The description is great and the title is genius.Someone somewhere is paid by this giant company for telling stories to affect customers’ opinion.Guess it is time to polish your storytelling skills and stop telling just your spouse your funny stories. Microsoft is paying!4. Justin Timberlake (Chief flavor officer at  Bai Brands)Thought the word was Brand Ambassador. But Bai brands made it official and even has an advisory role. Think of something executive, think of CFO.None other than the pop sensation, Justin Timberlake got this role and he flies the flag for the brand.Holla Justin, your title is awesome.SOCIAL MEDIA5. Amanda Brennan (Meme librarian at Tumblr)The nature of viral memes and jokes have demanded the office space for a librarian at Tumblr.Personally, I agree that this job is much needed else, the ingenuity and special savagery we get to see and crack our ribs will soon disa ppear.Memes on Twitter, Instagram, Facebook, Sports blogs etc. Tumblr is creating a digital intellectual property museum and the initiative is laudable.Amanda Brennan is a content and community associate at Tumblr, but she is often referred to as a ‘meme librarian’.She is in charge of watching ongoing trends and creating archives for historic or special ones. Like an artifacts collector. The necessity may not be debatable, but the title is undoubtedly one of the most ridiculous job titles ever.SPECIAL CATEGORIES6. Trent Arsenault (Freelance Sperm Donor)Just when the idea of job title innovation was getting better, Trent decided to give us a reason to drop our jaws in disbelief. He is taking freelancing a notch higher.What is not clear is whether the sperms come in test tubes or he literally comes to deliver it via the natural means, you know what I mean. *winks*.Whichever way, Trent seems to have refined the bounds of freelancers to fertilization experts.Just take it easy Trent. 7. In-House Philosopher (at  Google)Heads up, Philosopher King. Here is proof that multinational tech companies are not all Software and Artificial Intelligence freaks.In order to get a humanistic perspective to engineering problems, Google created a special portfolio for a degree holder in Philosophy! And you can now guess what the job title is. Great idea Google, great perspective.8. Ludwig Dahl (In Charge of the Big Door)Fortunately, not only the top executives or marketers are entitled to rebranding their job titles.Being a gatekeeper gives one a lot of time to ponder on this kind of subject.Are you wondering how this is going to fit in right into the CV? Put your worries to bed. Call Ludwig Dahl.9. Émile Burbidge (Chief Play Officer at  Toys “R” Us)His job is to play with the toys! The Company hires a child every year to test the toys just before it goes on to the shelves.Personally, I think the job creators and employers racked their brains to come up with a job title tha t could best convey its description. Enter, Chief Play Officer.I mean, what else would a child pray for?Get paid to play with toys. Phew!Even some adults will secretly wish they got this job.Forget what it is going to sound like on their CV or when they introduce themselves outside the company: “I am the Chief Play Officer ….”. Anyway, Émile has admitted this is the “coolest job” ever.I cannot disagree. What a job!10. Lonnie Johnson (Professional Snuggler)When did people start getting paid to give hugs and to cuddle? Why do you and I have to work this hard? I mean, life is this easy!So, Lonnie is in the noble profession of giving out warmth, hugs and cuddling to whoever needs it. It is more of a call than a job. A truly noble call. What I cannot really place my finger on is whether Lonnie is paid for the hugs and cuddling or for hugging and cuddling without sexual intent.If it were to be the latter, I doubt Lonnie would care about his call once he gets to hug Khloe Kardas hian.But then, Lonnie is not just a snuggler. He is a professional.So, do you care for some cuddling? Or your fiancé wants a professional touch? Lonnie is a call away. 11. Luke Howard (Namer of Clouds)My gosh! Namer of clouds? This is the point we doff our hats.This is not just a title innovation, but also a job innovation. It just happens that I do not know employers in this line of work. It is probably a monopolistic kind of stuff. Just for daring, innovative entrepreneurs.12. Derek Gordon (Ranch Dressing Expert)Thinking of a decorator? No, this guy arranges drinks on the shelves.Looking for an organized bar or to set your supermarket in order? Call Derek the Ranch Dressing Expert.13. James Dunstan (Space Lawyer)This is an “out-of-this-world” lawyer. Trained and specializes in the affairs and legal system of aliens…oops! I meant the laws of outer space. It’s all getting tough down here and we all should understand James diversionary, creative and out-of-the-box interest.P iercing through the veil of the hilarious job title lies a whole domain of law that transcends international law and instruments.On a lighter note, we really do not know where James should situate his office.On the moon? Or perhaps, more fittingly, space.14. Kris Holm (Extreme Unicyclist)How this became a job title is probably a mystery.This is one of the weirdest titles in the world and Kris Holm seems to have pioneered the move that will forever change the world of job title creativity and also leave us in awe.We know who unicyclists are and Kris is just not contented with being with the faint-hearted.He ventures into dangerous landscapes and he decided that such exploits should feature in his ‘job title to show the distinction.After all, who would not add the Ph.D. after his name to reflect his high status.How this would fit into your CV in case you have such description is what the employers would have to deal with, not me. It is an extreme job. 15. Lee Sambrook (Head of Eleph ants)Desperate Head of Department? You said so. My hands are washed. Lee chooses to magnify his office and it is so scary what his idea is.The Head of Elephants? Really, Lee? What’s up, bro?[youtubehttps://m.youtube.com/watch?v=sV_w3CodBcww=640h=330]16. Russell Kleinbach (Bride Kidnapping Experts)“Hello, I’m a bride kidnapping expert”. You cannot but love complimentary cards that come with this title.Russell runs a business of surprising brides by picking them up and dropping them off at their husband’s house.This is not just weird, it is crazy hilarious for a job title.17. Sarah Durdin Robertson (Head of Potatoes)Wow! You just have to bring the finest quality to the table once it concerns what people refer to as your job title. What do you call me if I am in charge of organizing potatoes and making sure they are right in line?Well, you got your answer.18. Ghazaali Jafaar (MILF Commander)Hmmm. Why am I suddenly so sure the first thing that popped into your mind was a busty neighbor or colleague or friend or that porn star! You are so crude!You are probably even thinking MILF commander is a someone who controls a group of busty porn stars and how on earth this became a job title.I was in that category and laughed out my ass before punching the job title on google.Guess what came up: Moro Islamic Liberation Front Commander. Happens to be an Islamic movement.It spoilt the fun a bit but I got wondering which organization would name its hierarchy such.So weird. Before long, I got laughing again.19. Bill Margold (Pornography Historian)My Gosh! So there is actually someone who does this?I cracked up for approximately an hour when I heard this.There is actually someone in the world that has the responsibility of studying and keeping records of how porn came into existence and its evolution.What a cool, sacred job.Someday, you get to invite your parents or your family to work. Or do something cooler than that â€" tell your fiancé’s dad about your work in d etails.A kind of father-in-law bonding you know? Just get us his reaction. That’s all we ask, you know.20. Stan Cuavin (Bread Scientist)The era of “bakers” seems to be fast fading away with the ‘scientists who are now trying to take over the world. Bread scientist!I sincerely guess that Stan must have heard of and seen food scientists.He rediscovered that he worked in a bakery and something about title rebranding must have struck him.Stan is an incredible worker, committed to work, creativity, and branding. He has also committed to scientifical analyzes of dough.Thank you, Stan â€" you made the world to see the best in your job.21. Ray Woolfe (Director of Sandbags)All your board of directors, music, movie directors et al be feeling special. Here comes the Director of sandbags. Sandbags are bags filled with sand to stop flooding.So many technicalities can be involved (you know) that it demands a special director. I dare you to arrive at a better title. Director…hmmm. We’l l leave it at that.Just in case you want to sandbag your house (how to sandbag properly): 22. Boot Shew (Ex-Moonshiner)You will always get to wonder what this awesome genius was thinking when he introduced himself as an “ex-moonshiner”.I thought people were paid based on their current employment or a pension after retiring from a legal job.Guess what?This man has just broken that rule.He has a job of being a former guy that distills spirits illegally.I mean, the job of being the former guy.He is retired and wants to show he deserves respect for his contribution.What a way to cunningly couch a well-deserved title. THE ULTIMATE23. Ogechi Ololo (Commissioner for Happiness and Purpose Fulfillment A real ministry just set up by a Nigerian State Government in 2017)Toward the end of 2017, the Governor of Imo State of Nigeria, Rochas Okorocha, established a state department (ministry) to be known as Ministry for Happiness and Purpose Fulfilment. The first of its kind in all the earth.H e then appointed his sister as Commissioner. The Commission is to ensure people in the state are happy people. What a Government Portfolio. To crown it, the Commission was initially named Ministry of Happiness and Couple’s Fulfilment before the distinguished governor claimed it was the Printer’s Devil that caused the error!You hear all this and you stop to ask, “Am I really in this comical world?”.Not funny to Nigerians. Enter the State Commissioner for Happiness and Couple’s Fulfilment A real rib cracker to the rest of the world.CONCLUSIONThey are crazy, they are funny and weird! Fancy it or not, it obviously seems these hilarious titles have come to stay.But no pressure. If you honestly think your job title is fine â€" you can keep it traditional just like that or you could give it a bogus uplift.However, one thing is paramount about innovating job titles: once you want to include a non-traditional job title into your Curriculum Vitae, make sure it is not ambiguous or a non-sense. So, find your flavor today!

Essay on The Backlash of Prohibition - 801 Words

Although the temperance movement was concerned with the habitual drunk, its primary goal was total abstinence and the elimination of liquor. With the ratification of the 18th Amendment to the Constitution, the well-organized and powerful political organizations, utilizing no holds barred political tactics, successfully accomplished their goal. Prohibition became the law of the land on January 16, 1920; the manufacturing, importation, and sale of alcohol was no longer legal in the United States. Through prohibition, America embarked on what became labeled â€Å"the Nobel Experiment.† However, instead of having social redeeming values as ordained, prohibition had the opposite effect of its intended purpose, becoming a catastrophic failure.†¦show more content†¦Unlike salons, the speakeasies welcomed women and the women came, thus creating additional customers for alcohol. The speakeasies needed a steady supply of alcoholic beverages, and with no breweries or distillers to supply them, organized crime stepped in to fill the void. Hence, by alcohol becoming illegal, a free market no longer existed, which lead to a restraint of trade. As most, black-market offerings. Illegal liquor offered huge profits as well as heated competition. As with almost all black market offerings, illegal liquor generated huge profits and heated competition. As example, gangsters such as Al Capon gunned down their competition, thus enabling them to have a monopoly on liquor sales. (three changes are needed). In actuality, many gangsters died while defending free enterprise. Capone, once his competition was eliminated, could set the prices as high as he wished since there was no competition in Chicago. In one year, Al Capon made Sixty million dollars in liquor sales alone due to outrageously inflated alcohol prices. With capacious amounts of money earned through the sale of illegal liquor. Capone managed to bribe judges, police, and the important politicians of Chicago. Re portedly, eighty to ninety percent of the city’s police force was on his payroll. Corruption of public officials ran rampant. For example, with the profits Capone earned he was able to insure the electionShow MoreRelatedProhibition in the United States764 Words   |  3 PagesProhibition in the United States was a built up reaction to alcohol and illicit drugs from the Temperance and other religious organizations beginning in the 1840s and intensifying during the Reconstruction Period. By using increasing pressure on legislators, lobbying through Churches and, of course, embarrassing public officials into a stance, these organizations forced the ratification of the 18th Amendment to the U.S. Constitution in January 1919. This law prohibited the manufacture, sale, orRead More The War on Drugs is Failing Essay1228 Words   |  5 PagesThe War on Drugs is Failing â€Å"Prohibition will work great injury to the cause of temperance†¦ for it goes beyond the bounds of reason in that it attempts to control a man’s appetite by legislation and make a crime out of things that are not a crime. A prohibition law strikes a blow at the very principle upon which our government was founded† Abraham Lincoln On January 16, 1920 the Eighteenth Amendment was ratified by thirty-six states and became part of the Constitution. The intentionRead MoreThe Bureau Of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firearms, And Explosives1330 Words   |  6 Pagesalcoholic beverages (1). The prohibition did little to stop people from drinking, instead the masses took to bootlegged alcohol and underground saloons and distilleries (1). The chaos caused by these underground places and the criminals vying for control of the alcohol supply business motivated the government to bolster it s efforts in enforcing the amendment. From 1920 to 1926 dry agents were brought in to enforce the Prohibition Act (1). Eventually this prohibition units of agents was turned intoRead MoreProhibition Of Drugs And Alcohol1492 Words   |  6 PagesPopular belief holds that consumption of drugs and alcohol encourages violence and that the appropriate response is prohibition of these goods. However, a different viewpoint is that prohibition creates illegal underground markets, which require violence and crime to remedy in-house disputes. This paper examines the relationship between prohibition and violence using the historical data and behavior following previous U.S. drug and alcohol laws, regulations, and enforcement on indicators of violenceRead MoreThe Nightmare of Prohibition Essay1690 Words   |  7 Pagesalso known as the National Prohibition Act, determined intoxicating liquor as anything having an alcoholic content of more than 0.5 percent, excluding alcohol used for medicinal and sacramental purposes. The act also set up guidelines for enforcement. Prohibition was meant to reduce the consumption of alcohol, therefore reducing the rates of crime, death rates and poverty (Poholek, 2). However, some of the United States communities had already prepared for Prohibition. In the three months beforeRead MoreA Sociological And Humanistic Perspective1714 Words   |  7 Pageslaw, that is to say, the social environment prece ding the law as as well as societal circumstances and events that culminated to create the right environment for the law to pass. It is also necessary to understand the social reaction and potential backlash to the establishment or proposal of the law in order to explain how it was passed. Additionally, the evolution and current status of the law is to be explained by social factors that may have led to the repeal, replacement, or acceptance of the lawRead MoreProhibition Essay1739 Words   |  7 Pagesalso known as the National Prohibition Act, determined intoxicating liquor as anything having an alcoholic content of more than 0.5 percent, excluding alcohol used for medicinal and sacramental purposes. The act also set up guidelines for enforcement. Prohibition was meant to reduce the consumption of alcohol, therefore reducing the rates of crime, death rates and poverty (Poholek, 2). However, some of the United States communities had already prepared for Prohibition. In the three m onths beforeRead MoreHistory of Drug Laws and Law Enforcement1637 Words   |  7 Pages(Cocaine). These fabrications concerning cocaine steadily became more and more extreme. In fact, many Southern police forces began carrying more powerful weapons because smaller guns were rumored to be unable to kill a black man high on cocaine (Prohibition (drugs)). This widespread moral panic eventually led to the adoption of the Pure Food and Drug Act of 1906 and the Harrison Act of 1914. The Pure Food and Drug Act required that manufacturers must list the amounts of all habit-forming substancesRead MoreThe Repeal Of The National Minimum Drinking Age927 Words   |  4 PagesThe repeal of prohibition by the twenty-first Amendment in December of 1933 allowed for each state to set its own alcohol consumption age. After the passage of the twenty-sixth Amendment, which lowered the national drinking age to eighteen, thirty states had lowered the minimum drinking age to eighteen, nineteen, or twenty (â€Å"Prohibition†). In 1984, the enactment of the National Minimum Drinking Age Act prompted states to raise the legal age for purchase of public possession of alcohol to twenty-oneRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Its Effects On Society1564 Words   |  7 Pages The War on Drugs is a deep-rooted controversial campaign of prohibition and military a id that has been disputed for many years. There are constant debates as to whether there will ever be a viable solution to the problem. However, as we continue to pursue the â€Å"war on drugs,† it has become increasingly evident that â€Å"winning† the war seems to be an impossible task. Drug prohibition and the undertaking of the war on drugs have stirred much controversy over its moral and logical implications. While

Midterm Review Essay - 963 Words

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The follow question is one of two to be answered for the midterm. - BeShow MoreRelatedMidterm Review1485 Words   |  6 PagesInteractive Management Science MSamp;E 107/207, Midterm Review The Flaw of the Averages Mindle 1 / Uncertainty vs. Risk * Risk is in the eye of the beholder * Risk reflects how uncertain outcomes cause loss or injury to a particular individual or group * Risk attitude measures the willigness to incur risk in the quest of reward * Different risks to the same uncertainty Mindle 2 / An uncertain number is a shape * A distribution * â€Å"Uncertain numbers† * Risk is subjective Read MoreMidterm Review2002 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿The Federal Circuit Court of Appeal has appellate jurisdiction over the U.S. Claims Court. True Which of the following terms best describes the decision reached by an arbitrator? Award The dispute resolution method that is most likely to be used by a regulatory agency to negotiate the provisions of the regulations with the interested groups so that there is less likelihood of a challenge once the regulations are promulgated is: regulatory negotiation With reference to the federal governmentRead MoreReview for Midterm I1634 Words   |  7 PagesCalifornia State University –Fullerton Econ 201- Review for Midterm I Dr. El Hag- Spring 2010 Multiple Choice Identify the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question. ____1.The slope of a line that passes through the points (10, 15) and (20, 7) is a. | -5/4. | b. | -4/5. | c. | 4/5. | d. | 5/4. | ____2.If Shawn can produce more donuts in one day than Sue can produce in one day, then a. | Shawn has a comparative advantageRead MoreGeology Midterm Review2404 Words   |  10 PagesIntroduction to Geology GEOL-101 Midterm 1 Review Based on the textbook: Understanding Earth, 6th Edition, by Grotzinger and Press CH 1: earth system Summary The human creative process, field and lab observations, and experiments help geoscientists formulate testable hypotheses (models) for how the Earth works and its history. 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Relationship Between Knowledge Management And Decision Making Free Essays

Relationship between knowledge management and decision making In today’s complex and turbulent environment, knowledge management has become increasingly important in decision making. Unlike in the past where organizations employed consultants or experts to aid with the decision making process, these actors have today been replaced by knowledge managers and decision making is increasingly being supported by decision support systems with built in knowledge base (Gamble 2001). In this view, this paper examines the relationship between knowledge management and decision making. We will write a custom essay sample on Relationship Between Knowledge Management And Decision Making or any similar topic only for you Order Now There is no universally accepted definition of the term ‘Knowledge management’. However, in this context, it will be used in reference to the strategies and practices used by an organization to capture, store and distribute knowledge that is either embodied in individuals or embedded in the process and practices of the organization (Holsapple 1995). As noted by Joshi (2001), knowledge management has important implications on decision making in an organization. Effective KM should support the process of decision making and strategic planning. For example, knowledge management plays a major role in the planning phase of a project. Based on the current information, forecasters guide decision makers in making complex decisions in the business world characterized by increased risks and uncertainty. The entire decision making endeavour is made based on the outcome of forecasting, a knowledge intensive activity (Mohammed Jalal 2011). Knowledge management is thus important in tactical decision making. Knowledge management in organizations is supported by information technology. That is, Knowledge Management Systems rely on routines programmed in the logic of computational machinery (Malhotra 2004). The expertise and experiences of employees are stored in computerized databases. Both the tacit and explicit knowledge are stored in computerized databases and software programs for re-use in future (Malhotra 2004). In fact, most of the knowledge management experts acknowledge that technology contributes around 15% of the solution (Gamble 2001). However, technology in itself is not sufficient. Of great importance are the people with knowledge. People are the main determinant of the success or failure of knowledge management. But still, managing knowledge is no easy task. As suggested by Karlin Taylor (1998), acquiring knowledge is not the real problem that organizations face, rather the main challenge is the lack of skills to manage such knowledge in order to ensure effective decisions. It is a major challenge to capture knowledge such as data, information and experiences from individuals that possess them and to use such ingredients and transform them into knowledge that would enhance decision making (Mohsen et al. 2011) Practical examples where knowledge management guide decision making A perfect case where knowledge management can guide decision making is in the PC market. Given the competitive environment which has resulted in diminishing margins in the PC markets, Dell may need to shift focus to hosting services (Malhotra 2004). To do so more effectively, Dell would first have to harvest knowledge through experimentation, adaptation and innovation (Malhotra 2004). Then it would need to redefine both the business and customer value propositions. Another area where knowledge management has proven to be useful in decision making is the banking sector. Due to increase in competition and the growing integration of financial institutions, most banks are increasingly targeting at improving on customer satisfaction in order to continue to thrive. As such, the process of knowledge creation, storage and distribution has become essential such that banks have assigned specialized personnel to manage these critical processes (Mohsen et al. 2011). Knowledge management in banks is particularly evident in the fields of risk management, performance management, customer relationship management and marketing management (Jayasundara 2008). Banks have invested heavily in knowledge management systems such as Decision Support Systems, Data Mining and Data warehouses (Jayasundara 2008). Through such systems, banks have been able to improve and attain more efficient results in decision making. According to a survey by Reuters, it was found that 90% of the companies that deployed a KM solution had more efficient results in decision making (Malhotra 2001). The survey also revealed that 81% of the companies that deployed a KM solution experienced an increase in their productivity (Malhotra 2001). A similar study by Lui Young (2007) in the manufacturing sector showed that global manufacturing businesses utilized knowledge management systems such as Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP), Product Life Cycle Management (PLM) and Customer Relations Management to enhance their manufacturing decisions. Given the vital role that knowledge management plays in decision making, it is not surprising to find many organizations transforming knowledge from being an abstract concept to a tangible and manageable one (Oduoza 2010). But, whilst there is a general agreement that knowledge management enhances the decision making process and leads to worthwhile decisions, there are certain instances where such systems can fail. Why knowledge management systems may fail? Where knowledge management information systems are seen an end in themselves, failure is guaranteed. ‘Knowledge’ and ‘information’ have different meanings. Knowledge resides in the user and happens only through the processing, analyzing and filtering of data via human brain (Liew 2007). On the other hand, information refers to refined data that can be re-used (Liew 2007). The two are not the same yet many organizations fail to understand the difference and become frustrated when significant investments in technology fail to deliver the expected results (Paprika 2001). In order to harvest employee knowledge and to turn it into corporate knowledge that can be widely shared, strategic thinking and planning must come into play. Without a strategic plan or a guiding strategy for increasing margins, knowledge management information systems are bound to fail. For example, if the technology department is only department mandated with a knowledge management initiative, then such systems are unlikely to deliver the expected outcomes. To ensure the success of knowledge management systems, it is important to foster an environment that allows for knowledge sharing. Yet most organizations are still defined by hierarchical structures that do not support interdepartmental collaboration (Paprika 2001). Creating an organizational culture that supports sharing of knowledge is important to avoid such systems from failing. Also, too much focus on IT-based knowledge management may impair a firm’s capacity for knowledge creation (Malhotra 2000). Solutions often tend to specify the ‘minutiae of machinery’, ignoring the human psychology of how people in the organization acquire, share and create knowledge (Malhotra 2000). Such constrained and restricted perspective of knowledge management can be detrimental on a firm’s learning and adaptive capabilities (Malhotra 2000). In fact, it becomes more problematic in a dynamic environment that requires multiple interpretations and ongoing evaluation (Malhotra 2000). In order to address this weakness inherent in IT-based knowledge management, it is equally important to focus on the synergy of innovation and human creativity. Nonetheless, the process of decision making is a knowledge intensive activity. Explicit knowledge that is obtained from repositories and the tacit knowledge that is obtained through a one on one interaction between a manager and an employee can be used to support decision making. Reference Gamble, P.R., 2001. Knowledge management: a state of the art guide. Kogan Publishers Holsapple, C.W., 1995. ‘Knowledge management in decision making and decision support’. The international Journal of knowledge Transfer and Utilization, vol.8 (1), pp.5-22 Jayasundara, C.C., 2008. Knowledge Management in Banking Industries: uses and opportunities. Joshi, K.D., 2001. ‘A framework to study knowledge management behaviours during decision making’. Journal of the University Librarians Association of Sri Lanka, Vol. 12, PP.68-79. Karlin, S., and Taylor, H. 1998. An Introduction To Stochastic Modeling. Orlando, Fla.: Harcourt Lehaney, B., 2004. Beyond knowledge management. Idea Group Inc Liew, A., 2007. ‘Understanding data, information, knowledge and their inter-relationships’. Journal of knowledge Management Practice, vol.8 (2) Malhotra, Y., 2004. ‘Why Knowledge Management Systems FailEnablers and Constraints of Knowledge Management in Human Enterprises’. In: Michael E.D. Koenig T. Kanti Srikantaiah (Eds.), Knowledge Management Lessons Learned: What Works and What Doesn’t, Information Today Inc. American Society for Information Science and Technology Monograph Series, 87-112. Malhotra, Y., 2001. Expert Systems for Knowledge Management: Crossing the Chasm between Information Processing and Sense Making. Expert Systems With Applications, 20,1, 7-16. Malhotra, Y., 2000. ‘From information management to knowledge management: beyond the ‘hi-tech hidebound’ systems’. In: K. Srikantaiah M.E.D. Koenig (eds), knowledge management for the information professional. Medford, N.J., Information Today Inc., pp.37-61 Mohammed, W. and Jalal, A., 2011. ‘The influence of knowledge management system (KMS) on enhancing decision making process (DMP)’. International Journal of Business and Management, vol.6 (8) Oduoza, C.F., 2010. Decision support system based on effective knowledge management framework to process customer order enquiry, UK. Paprika, Z.Z., 2001. Knowledge management support in decision making. Budapest, Hungary Publishers Ltd. 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The Ancient Olympics Essays - Multi-sport Events, Individual Sports

The Ancient Olympics Since 1896, the year the Olympics were resurrected from ancient history, the Olympics have been a symbol of the camaraderie and harmony possible on a global scale. The gathering of athletic representatives, the pride of the pack, from participating governments, even throughout the recent Cold War period, is proof that world unity is possible; just as it was in Ancient Greece with the polis or city-states. Olympic Games were held throughout Ancient Greece, but the most famous are the games that were held in Olympia in honor of Zeus every four years from August 6th to September 19th. The first record of these games is of one Coroebus of Elis, a cook, winning a sprint race in 776 BC. Most historians believe the games to have been going on for approximately 500 years before this. In the year Coroebus was made a part of history, there was apparently only one simple event, a race called the stade. The track was said to be one stade long or roughly 210 yards. In subsequent games, additional events were to be added, most likely to increase the challenge to these amazing athletes. In 724 BC, the diaulos, a two stade race, was added, followed by a long distance race, about 2 miles and called the dolichos, at the next games four years later. Wrestling and the famous Pentathlon were introduced in 708 BC. The Pentathlon consisted of five events; the long jump, javelin throw, discus throw, foot race, and wrestling. The Pentathlons, especially the successful ones, were often treated and even worshipped like gods. Because of their exquisite physiques, they were used as the models for statues of the Greek Gods. The superior athletic ability of these athletes affects the games even today. The twisting and throwing method of the discus throw, which originated in Ancient Greece, is still used today. The original events were even more challenging than those of today. The modern discus weighs in at just 5 pounds, one-third of the original weight, and the long jumps were done with the contestant carrying a five pound weight in each hand. The pit to be traversed in this jump allowed for a 50 foot jump, compared to just over 29 feet in our modern Olympics. Apparently, the carried weights, used correctly, could create momentum to carry the athlete further. Legend has it that one Olympian cleared the entire pit by approximately 5 feet, breaking both legs as he landed. One significant difference between the modern and ancient games; the original Olympians competed in the nude. Because of this, the 45,000 spectators consisted of men and unwed virgin women only. The only exception to this would be the priestess of Demeter who was also the only spectator honored with a seat. The young unwed women were allowed to watch to introduce them to men in all their splendor and brutality whereas it was felt that married women should not see what they could not have. In addition, the virgins had their own event which occurred on the mens religious day of rest. Called the Haria, in honor of Hara the wife of Zeus, the young women would race dressed in a short tunic which exposed the right breast. Traditionally, Spartan women dominated this event, being trained from birth for just this purpose. The religious undertones of the events became extremely apparent on the third day of the games when a herd of 100 cows were killed as a sacrifice to Zeus. In actuality, only the most useless parts were burned in honor of Zeus; most of the meat would be cooked and eaten that day. The sacrifices were conducted on a huge cone-shaped alter built up from the ashes of previously sacrificed animals. The mound was so large, the Greeks would cut steps into the cone after discovering it could be hardened by adding water and drying. Another ingenious invention was a system to prevent early starts in the foot races. It consisted of a bar in front of the runners to ensure they all start at the same time. This most likely was viewed as a blessing by the competitors, as previous to this, they would be beaten by the

Assessment of Students’ Satisfaction on the Restructured Essay Example

Assessment of Students’ Satisfaction on the Restructured Essay Example Assessment of Students’ Satisfaction on the Restructured Essay Assessment of Students’ Satisfaction on the Restructured Essay 1. 0 Introduction At the University of Ghana there are studies that suites originally built to take two pupils. are now officially allocated to five pupils ( after minor alterations ) . but on the side occupied by every bit many as eight or nine – to the cognition of the university governments! Apart from the obvious hygiene and wellness jeopardies posed. what sort of atmosphere does this provide for survey after categories? All of which have brought most African universities to a province of serious impairment. This is apparent non merely to those who work or study in those universities but to even the most insouciant visitant. – ( Association of African Universities. 2004 ) Housing is a basic human demand in all societies and cardinal right of every person. In advanced states. lodging is more accessible to all classs of people including the hapless and the needy as a consequence of subsidies from the authorities. The state of affairs is non the same in developing states of the universe . In Ghana. for illustration. handiness to lodging by the hapless is rather a hard state of affairs which is worsened by the rough economic conditions and hapless enabling environment. Likewise. accessing lodging installations by Ghanese pupils at the university is no exclusion. particularly where such university happens to be the dream finish of most Ghanaians come ining into third establishment. In third establishments worldwide. the proviso of adjustment to the students’ population takes different theoretical accounts. This includes ; non-residential. where pupils beginning for their ain adjustment. Residential. where the university houses all its pupils and dual-residential. where the university houses its pupil population for a period of clip merely. likely the first and concluding twelvemonth. while the pupils during the staying period beginning for their ain adjustments. The experiences of pupils in third establishments in sourcing and procuring for their ain adjustment around university communities are likely to be interesting and important. However. it is deserving observing that. University of Ghana. the nation’s Prime Minister university has gone through a series of development when it comes to how to suit its pupils. both undergraduates and graduate students. 1. 1 Research job University of Ghana has undergone a series of reforms when it comes to the residential policy for its pupils. The of all time increasing figure of enrollees in the establishment is what defines this restructuring of the policy regulating students’ adjustment over clip. In the past two old ages what the incumbent frailty Chancellor of the Exchequer of the university term as Decongestion has taken topographic point in expectancy to the fulfilment of the university accomplishing efficiency in its field of operation. The thrust has besides been fast tracked by his informal end that the university should accomplish a world-class position. Effective August. 2011. the university efficaciously implemented its decongestion policy apportioning suites to a upper limit of three ( 3 ) pupils and four ( 4 ) pupils in the chief halls and extensions severally. This was done to turn to the jobs of overcrowding that resulted in inauspicious effects of hapless sanitation. force per unit area on residential public-service corporations such as reading suites and libraries. kitchen and washrooms. among other hapless conditions for effectual personal surveies by pupils. Residential installations have been increased to do the policy successful. Even though. the job of unequal adjustment for pupils is non wholly solved. the restructuring have been effectual since its execution. and it is deserving look intoing the effects of the new policy. whether it has achieved its end or it is towards accomplishing its intended end or otherwise. 1. 2 Purpose of the survey The chief ground why this research is being conducted is to measure the satisfaction of pupils with the current students’ residential policy and its effects on their surveies. 1. 3 Aims of the survey Specific aims of the survey are as follows: 1. To assess pupils perceptual experience of sanitation in the halls/hostels now. 2. To assess pupils perceptual experience of security in the halls/hostels now. 3. To look into pupils handiness to some basic hall/hostel public-service corporations. 1. 4 Research Questions 1. What is students’ perceptual experience of sanitation in the halls/hostels now? 2. What is students’ perceptual experience of security and comfort in the halls/hostels now? 3. What is the handiness position of pupils to basic halls/hostels public-service corporations now? 1. 5 Relevance of the survey As a top university in Ghana and Africa and one which is endeavoring to achieve a universe category position. adequate installations should be provided and already bing 1s improved. particularly criterions of services and installations which include supplying contributing on-campus pupil lodging installation. The above research provides the foundation for this survey and high spots the countries of new cognition which are needed ; to concentrate upon students’ satisfaction of residential installations in University of Ghana. A cardinal inquiry is what is the degree of students’ satisfaction with respects to the pupils lodging installation ( SHF ) in the context of University of Ghana? The survey contributes to a better apprehension of SRS of UG. The consequences offer valuable feedback to the university governments. installation directors and university hostel/hall decision makers in footings of the present criterions or the demand for farther betterment of the SHF through effectual designs and direction. The consequences will assist to explicate guidelines in footings of allotment of suites to pupils. care and for future developments of pupil lodging guaranting that the university is able to supply equal and modern-day on-campus SHF. 2. 0 Literature Review 2. 1 Introduction This subdivision reviews bing literature on the pupil residential installations. It is chiefly made up of old surveies. diaries. articles. periodicals amongst other beginnings. They form the secondary beginning of informations to the survey. 2. 2 The Concept of Student Residential Facility Student lodging has long been regarded as an indispensable constituent of the installations provided by the higher acquisition establishments in helping pupils to spread out their rational capablenesss. Harmonizing to Hassanain ( 2008 ) . good planned pupil lodging installations ( SHF ) promote desirable educational results and aid to accomplish the broader aims such as societal coherence and responsible citizenship. An earlier survey by Zahran ( 1972 ) reveals that a good pupil lodging promotes interactions between roomies of different backgrounds and specialisations ; and therefore broadens the students’ cognition. Amole ( 2005 ) argues that installations such as survey countries or meeting topographic points for academic treatments and societal assemblages provided in the pupil lodging will promote informal rational activities outside the students’ ain modules. Price et Al. ( 2003 ) related student interpersonal growing to adequate installations and Fay ( 1981 ) high lighted the importance of students’ satisfaction in the SHF as a scheme to heighten pupil development. Despite the importance of SHF. small literature is available to measure pupil sentiments of their lodging installations. Most surveies on post-occupancy rating focal point on household lodging either public or private abodes. look intoing the interaction between owner-occupiers or renters and their lodging scenes. Majority of these surveies utilized the construct of lodging satisfaction when measuring the interactions between the occupants and their physical environment ( Amole. 2009b ) . Arguing that lodging satisfaction can take towards bettering individual’s quality of life. Salleh ( 2008 ) investigates brooding. lodging services and neighbourhood factors that influence the occupants of private low-priced lodging in Malaysia. The survey revealed that the occupants are more satisfied with their brooding units and lodging services if compared to their vicinity installations. Elsinga and Hoekstra ( 2005 ) survey lodging satisfaction among European communities and happen out th at except in Austria. householders are more satisfied than the renters because homeownership provides security. freedom and fiscal benefits. In contrast. James ( 2008 ) analyses the influence of age and type of ownership on the degree of satisfaction and establishes that tenant satisfaction additions with the age at a much faster rate than the type of homeownership. However. pupil lodging and household lodging are non the same. Student lodging comprises of basic sleeping room units with other shared installations such as bathrooms. lavatories. wash. kitchens. common sofas and cafeterias located either per floor degree. per block or for the whole pupil lodging adjustment ( Amole. 2009a ) . On the contrary. the basic unit for household lodging is a house which includes sleeping rooms. bathrooms. lavatories and a living country all as portion of the unit with other lodging installations such as resort area. stores and school at the vicinity ( Parkes et al. . 2002 ) . In add-on. pupil lodging offers limited security of ownership and freedom if compared to household lodging. Therefore. the above findings may non use in the context of pupil lodging. Surveies on residential satisfaction ( RS ) from the pupil position are largely focused on factors impacting RS ; such as grounds for pupils to keep their old abode ( Cleave. 1996 ) and forecasters of pupil residential satisfaction ( SRS ) ( Foubert et al. . 1998 ; Khozaei et Al. . 2010b ) . There are besides surveies on pupil lodging with narrower Scopess such as the effects of floor tallness on congestion ( Kaya and Erkip. 2001 ) ; students’ perceptual experiences on indoor comfort ( Dahlan et Al. . 2009 ) ; students’ sense of fond regard with a peculiar pupil lodging ( Khozaei et al. . 2010a ) ; get bying schemes for pupils remaining in pupil lodging ( Amole. 2005 ) and the relationship between satisfaction and degrees of environment ( Amole. 2009b ) . These surveies offer small counsel as to whether the pupils are satisfied with SHF provided. Among the limited surveies on SRS are surveies by Amole ( 2007. 2009a ) . Hassanain ( 2008 ) and Radder and Han ( 2009 ) . Amole ( 2007. 2009a ) investigates RS among pupils in Nigeria and the findings indicated a low satisfaction with the SHF provided. Radder and Han ( 2009 ) researched student satisfaction degrees in South Africa and the findings indicated once more a degree of dissatisfaction with campus abodes. Alternatively. Hassanain ( 2008 ) found that pupils in Saudi Arabia indicated a degree of satisfaction with the SHF provided. However. the surveies were conducted in states where the civilization and clime are different from that experienced in the Southeast Asia part. which is likely to impact the sensed environment of the built environment. Therefore. the consequences of the surveies may non be applicable to the survey context. 2. 3 Development of the adjustment construction Originally. halls in the university were built to suit two pupils per room. This proviso was equal for pupils because non many people sought for higher instruction. However. as the population of Ghana increased and the demand to seek higher instruction became outstanding in the state. the figure pupils enrolled each academic twelvemonth increased quickly every bit good. Residential installations were increased and expanded to suit the of all time increasing figure of pupil consumption which demanded restructuring of pupil residential policy given the limited resources the university had. In the thick of the reforms. beyond the enlargement and alteration of the original suites to suit two individuals at a clip. the figure increased to five ( 5 ) in a room officially. both in the chief halls and the extensions. The uninterrupted addition in the pupil consumption amidst the unexpanded residential installations meant that. non all pupils could be accommodated on campus. hence. private inns began to jump up to absorb the extra pupils who could non procure adjustment on campus. The private inns motive to do net income meant that they charge high monetary values which were intolerable by many pupils. This brought about one of the outstanding footings that everyone who has passed through the four walls of the University of Ghana is popular with Perching . 2. 4 The issue of Perching The word connotes pupils who illicitly portion residential installations with official residents of a room. This resulted in overcrowding in the halls. seting utmost force per unit area on washrooms. reading suites. hall libraries. dry lines. among other installations that were originally constructed for two people. This was go oning who many reforms were traveling on. The two most popular reforms were the in-out-out-in and the in-out-out-out policies. The former meant that. all first twelvemonth pupils were qualified for adjustment on campus. this making did non intend automatic allotment of suites to freshers but allotment was capable vote for a YES or NO and 2nd and 3rd twelvemonth pupils were to look for their ain adjustment. Under this policy. concluding twelvemonth pupils like first twelvemonth pupils besides qualified to be accommodated on campus ; it is nevertheless. deserving observing that. even for the concluding twelvemonth pupils. because of the limited figure of suites available. allotment of suites was besides done via balloting a yes or no by pupils. The latter policy. in-out-out-out raised a batch of superciliums as it meant that merely first twelvemonth pupils were offered adjustment on campus. And for this policy allotment to level 100 pupils was automatic and assured. With this policy in topographic point the job of perching worsened. The official figure of residents in a room about doubled for about all the halls of abode. The inauspicious effects of hapless state of affairs created a batch of jobs ; hapless sanitation. insecurity. uncomfortableness. which had direct impact on students’ wellness. hygiene. and efficiency. 2. 5 The current residential policy The University of Ghana Hostels with a capacity of 26000 beds. which was to be built at the University of Ghana. Legon. with partnership between the university and six Bankss was a dream come alive every bit long as happening a solution to the perennial job of adjustment in our public universities is concerned this was an averment made by Professor C. N. B. Tagoe. Vice Chancellor of the university of Ghana ( GhanaWeb. 2008 ) . From the above statement I would to admit the Contingency theory one of the outstanding schools under the Open Systems position of Organizations. This theory as a subdivision of systems design emphasizes that design determinations are dependent on environmental conditions. Contingency theory is guided by the general orienting hypothesis that organisations whose internal characteristics match the demands of their environments will accomplish the best version. Lawrence and Lorsch ( 1967 ) . who coined the label contingency theory . argue that different environments topographic point differing demands on organisations. In a recent reappraisal article. Lawrence ( 1993 ) provides a partial list of factors that one or another theoretician has considered of import. They include size or graduated table. engineering. geographics. uncertainness. single sensitivities of participants. resource dependence. national or cultural differences. range and organisational life rhythm. With concentration on the resource dependence factor. it is declarative that. the version and realisation of the said solution was to a great extent contingent on the proviso of fiscal resources by the six Bankss which are external to the organisation. As the resources from the external environment was provided by the six Bankss. the enlargement of the residential installations have been a world so. doing it possible to set up four different inns which accommodates about 7. 120 pupils. It is a combination of these factors that made it possible for the decongestion exercising in the five traditional halls executable. Currently. some of the inns have been restructured into halls and run as the traditional halls. The criterion suites accommodate four ( 4 ) individuals as the extensions do. With other rigorous steps put in topographic point to command perching it is believed that. the intent for which this restructuring was done is being worked towards. It must be stated flatly that. the chief ground for this exercising is to better students’ efficiency in the university. 2. 6 Halls of Residence/Hostels The University believes in community life as an indispensable portion of pupil life. It is hence chiefly residential. supplying adjustment in Halls of Residence for both undergraduate and post-graduate pupils every bit good as flats and guest suites for senior members and invitees. There are five halls of abode ( available to all pupils ) and several Hostels. The present Halls and Hostels are as follows: Each Hall consists of junior members ( pupils ) and senior members ( academic and senior administrative and professional staff ) . and is managed by a Council consisting members elected by individuals belonging to the Hall. The Master ( or Warden in the instance of Volta Hall ) is the Head of the Hall. Each Hall has Junior and Senior Common Rooms for pupils and Faculty. severally. A tutorial system offers an chance for reding pupils and guaranting their public assistance at both academic and societal degrees. Students maintain interaction with each other and the wider community throu gh recognized nines and societies. Each Hall has a kitchen and a dining hall to provide for students’ eating. Chapels and a mosque are besides available for usage by assorted spiritual denominations. A Chaplaincy Board co-ordinate the activities of spiritual groups. Social life on the campus is organised chiefly by the Students’ Representative Council and the Junior Common Room Committees which provide assorted sorts of societal programmes. LEGON HALL: Legon Hall was the first to be built on the lasting site of the University of Ghana at Legon and is. hence. the Premier Hall of the University. Its foundation tablet was laid during the Michaelmas Term of 1951 and. in September 1952. the first undergraduates were accepted into abode. On Trinity Sunday. 31st May 1953. the first service was held in the Chapel and the first repast served in the Dining Hall. From these events. the Hall took Trinity Sunday every twelvemonth as its birthday. celebrated by a common Feast for both its Junior and Senior Members. The Hall’s slogan. Cui Datum ( To whom much is given†¦ ) . was selected from St. Luke’s Gospel. in acknowledgment of the particular duty attached to the Hall’s senior status. Senior Members of the University may be assigned as Fellows of the Hall by the Vice Chancellor and they normally keep their Family for every bit long as they remain with the University. Persons of academic differentiation outside the University may be elected as Honorary Fellows at a General Meeting of Fellows. The remainder of the rank of the Hall is made up of individuals in statu pupillari. The regulating organic structure of the Hall is the Hall Council. members of which are Fellows of the Hall. The chief Hall Officers are: The Master. the Vice-Master. the President of the Senior Common Room. the Senior Tutor. and the Hall Bursar. AKUAFO HALL: Akuafo Hall was established with the assignment of Professor D. A. Taylor. a Master-designate and a Hall Council in 1953. The Hall Council in 1954 decided to call the Hall Akuafo to mark the generous gesture of the husbandmans of Ghana in giving money for the foundation of the University College. A crest which depicts a chocolate tree. an unfastened book and a membranophone. designed by Professor W. J. McCallien. and a slogan. laboremus et sapiamus. suggested by Professor L. H. Ofosu-Appiah. were adopted by the Council. A commemorating plaque with a Latin lettering composed by Professor L. H. Ofosu-Appiah was set up to demo the gratitude of the Hall to the husbandmans of the state and to the British Government who gave the University College financess for the edifice of the Hall. The Hall was officially opened on 17 February. 1956. but the first pupils. totaling 131. came into abode on the fifth October. 1955. The Hall has its ain legislative acts regulating the election of officers and the disposal of its personal businesss. Once a twelvemonth. the Maestro has to convene a meeting of the Fellows. who form the regulating organic structure. to have his one-year study. The Senior Common Room is unfastened to all Fellows and their invitees. and the Senior Combination Room to all senior members of the University. Senior Members may besides ask for pupils to the Combination Room. COMMONWEALTH HALL: The first batch of pupils was admitted into abode in Commonwealth Hall at the beginning of the 1956-1957 academic twelvemonth. In the Lent Term of that academic twelvemonth. Ghana attained its independency from Great Britain. and the Hall. hitherto known as the Third Hall. was officially christened Commonwealth Hall to mark Ghana’s admittance into the Commonwealth of Nations. The official gap of the Hall was performed in March. 1957. It is. so far. the lone all-male Hall of Residence in the University. The slogan of the Hall. Truth Stands. was taken from a citation from Satyre by John Donne ( 1572-1631 ) : On a immense hill. cragged. and steep. Truth bases and hee that will Reach her. about must. and about must goe This slogan combines both the physical state of affairs of the Hall ( on a hillside overlooking most of the University and beyond ) and the proper chase of a University instruction. the hunt for truth. It is the lone Hall of Residence in the University which has a theater and Amphitheatre for talks and dramas. The Coat of Arms of the Hall depicts the strength and integrity of intent of members of the Hall derivation from the bonds of association enjoyed by the single members of the Hall. High Commissioners of the Commonwealth states in Ghana are accorded Honorary Membership of the Hall. There is a Hall Council which administers the personal businesss of the Hall. assisted by the Tutorial Board and the Senior Common Room Committee. VOLTA HALL: Volta Hall started as the Fourth Hall in the 1959-60 academic twelvemonth. on 16th November. 1960. The University College Council. on the recommendation of the Hall Council. named it Volta Hall. The Hall consists of the chief hall originally designed to suit 82 pupils. and an extension with an original capacity for suiting 198 pupils. the business of which began in January 1966. The slogan of the Hall. chosen during the Hall’s 10th anniversary jubilations. is in the Akan linguistic communication and it is: Akokobere Nso Nyim Adekyee. This means that the secret or cognition of life and nature is a gift to adult females as it is to work forces. The Hall has a regulating Body which comprises all the Fellows assigned to it and those elected by the assigned Fellows. The authorities of the Hall rests with this organic structure which delegates some of its powers to a Hall Council. The Hall Council consists of 10 members. including the Warden. the Deputy Warden. the Senior Tutor and the Bursar who are ex-officio members. The daily disposal of the Hall is carried out by the Warden with the aid of the Senior Tutor. who deals with all students’ personal businesss. and the Bursar. MENSAH SARBAH HALL: Mensah Sarbah Hall. the 5th Hall of the University. stands in the southern portion of the campus. The Hall consists of a chief Hall built around a quadrilateral and a figure of Annexes standing to the North and E. The last two south extensions are attached to the Hall. Until October 1991. Mensah Sarbah was the lone coeducational Hall of Residence in the University. which made it rather alone among the Halls. The regulating organic structure of the Hall is the Council. which is responsible to the full organic structure of Fellows who form the Senate. Students’ personal businesss are handled by students’ ain elective authorities headed by a President. while the general disposal of the Hall is under the Maestro who is assisted by the Senior Tutor and Tutors on the one manus and the Bursar o n the other. Other Hall Military officers are the Chaplain. who is responsible for the Roman Catholic Chapel. the Prayer Room Warden. who is responsible for the Protestant Chapel. and the Librarian. Senior Common Room personal businesss are managed by an elective commission under the President of the Senior Common Room. The Hall is named after the celebrated Ghanese legal expert. author and solon. John Mensah Sarbah of Cape Coast. It has been customary for the Hall to observe the birthday day of remembrance of this great adult male every twelvemonth. This anniversary is known as Sarbah Day and is highlighted by a dinner and a get-together. The Hall has a crest designed to convey out the chief characteristics of Mensah Sarbah’s life. It consists of three elements: a brace of graduated tables. a stool with a book resting upon it. and a hill surmounted by a palace. The graduated table signifies the legal profession. the stool and the book symbolise civilization while the hill and the palace are intended to picture the familiar landscape of Cape Coast with its many hills and garrisons. At the same clip. the palace is intended to symbolize strength and honor. The Hall’s slogan is: Knowledge. Honour. Service – three words which competently summarise the guiding rules of Mensah Sarbahà ¢â‚¬â„¢s life. VALCO TRUST HOSTELS: The thought to construct a alumnus inn was foremost nurtured when Legon Hall Annex C was prepared entirely for graduate pupils of the Hall. The pursuit for a suited adjustment for alumnus pupils gained attending when Valco Trust Fund offered to finance the building of a alumnus inn. As a farther encouragement to this class. Legon Hall Annex C was converted into an Annex of the Hostel. The Valco Trust Hostel. donated to the University by the Valco Trust Fund to ease force per unit area on pupil adjustment. is a block of purpose-built. self-contained flats for 190 pupils. The Hostel. which was completed in June 1997. is the University’s first inn for alumnus pupils. A 2nd block with similar installations was opened in January 2006. Located behind Mensah Sarbah Hall on the southern portion of the campus. the flats are arranged in individual and dual survey sleeping rooms with en suite shower and lavatory. There is a shared kitchen for every 12 suites. Facilities in the inns include common suites. washrooms and a eating house. INTERNATIONAL STUDENTS’ HOSTELS: The International Student’s Hostels are located on the southern portion of the campus off the route to the Noguchi Memorial Institute for Medical Research. For a long clip. it had been the dream of the University of Ghana to make and beef up links with other universities in order to heighten the international pupil presence on campus. The first stage was commissioned in June 1999 and the 2nd in January 2006. The Hostels are co-educational and each has 43 individual suites and 85 dual suites. In add-on. there are installations such as a well-fortified security system. kitchenettes and eating houses. Mentions Amole. D. ( 2005 ) . Coping schemes for life in pupil residential installations in Nigeria . Environment and Behaviour. Vol. 37. pp. 201-19. Amole. D. ( 2009b ) . Residential satisfaction in students’ housing . Journal of Environment Psychology. Vol. 29. pp. 76-85. Association of African Universities ( 2004 ) . Challenges Confronting African Universities: Selected Issues . African Studies Review ( 2004 ) Vol. 47. No. 1. 1-59 Dahlan. N. . Jones. P. . Alexander. D. . Salleh. E. and Alias. J. ( 2009 ) . Evidence base prioritization of indoor comfort perceptual experiences in Malayan typical multi-storey hostels . Building and Environment. pp. 2158-65. Elsinga. M. and Hoekstra. J. ( 2005 ) . Homeownership and lodging satisfaction . Journal of Housing and the Built Environment. Vol. 20. pp. 401-24. Fay. G. ( 1981 ) . A theoretical account for reexamining growing environments . Journal of College and University Student Housing. Vol. 11 No. 1. pp. 46-7. Foubert. J. D. . Tepper. R. and Morrison. D. R. ( 1998 ) . Predictors of pupil satisfaction in university abode halls . Journal of College and University Student Housing. Vol. 21No. 1. pp. 41-6. Hassanain. M. A. ( 2008 ) . On the public presentation rating of sustainable pupil lodging facilities . Journal of Facilities Management. Vol. 6 No. 3. pp. 212-25. James. R. N. ( 2008 ) . Residential satisfaction of aged renters in flat housing . Social Indicators Research. Vol. 89. pp. 421-37. James. R. N. ( 2008 ) . Residential satisfaction of aged renters in flat housing . Social Indicators Research. Vol. 89. pp. 421-37. Kaya. N. and Erkip. F. ( 2001 ) . Satisfaction in a residence hall edifice: the effects of floor tallness on the perceptual experience of room size and crowding . Environment A ; Behavior. Vol. 33 No. 1. pp. 35-53. Khozaei. F. . Hassan. A. S. and Khozaei. Z. ( 2010a ) . Undergraduate students’ satisfaction with inn and sense of fond regard to topographic point: instance survey of universiti sains Malaysia . American Journal of Engineering and Applied Sciences. Vol. 3 No. 3. pp. 516-20. Lawrence. Paul R. and Jay W. Lorsch. ( 1967 ) Organization and environment Boston ; Harvard University. Division of Research. Graduate School of Business Administration. Parkes. A. . Kearns. A. and Atkinson. R. ( 2002 ) . What makes people dissatisfied with their vicinities? . Urban Studies. Vol. 39 No. 13. pp. 2413-38. Price. I. . Matzdorf. F. . Smith. L. and Agahi. H. ( 2003 ) . The impact of installations on pupil pick of university . Facilities. Vol. 21 No. 10. pp. 212-22. Radder. L. and Han. Ten. ( 2009 ) . Service quality of on-campus pupil lodging: a South African experience . The International Business A ; Economics Research Journal. Vol. 8 No. 11. pp. 107-19. Salleh. A. G. ( 2008 ) . Neighbourhood factors in private low-priced lodging in Malaysia . Habitat International. Vol. 32. pp. 485-93. World Wide Web. ghanaweb. com. ( Tuesday. 8th January. 2008 ) retrieved on 4th October. 2012. World Wide Web. ug. edu. gh ( 2012 ) retrieved on 10th October. 2012 World Wide Web. ug. edu. gh ( 2012 ) retrieved on 2nd November. 2012 World Wide Web. ug. edu. gh ( 2012 ) retrieved on 5th November. 2012

The Theresa Andrews Case

The Theresa Andrews Case In September 2000, Jon and Teresa Andrews were busy getting ready to enter into parenthood. The young couple was childhood sweethearts and had been married for four years when they decided to begin building a family. Who would know that a chance meeting with another pregnant woman, while in the baby department of a store, would result in murder, kidnapping, and suicide? Summer of 2000 Michelle Bica, 39, shared the good news about her pregnancy with friends and family. She and her husband Thomas prepared their Ravenna, Ohio home for the arrival of their new baby girl by installing baby monitors, setting up a nursery, and buying baby supplies. The couple was jubilant about the pregnancy, especially after the miscarriage Michelle had suffered the year before.  Michelle donned maternity clothing, showed friends the baby sonogram, attended birthing classes, and other than her due date which kept getting pushed forward, her pregnancy appeared to be progressing normally. A Chance Meeting? During a shopping trip to the baby department at Wal-Mart, the Bicas met Jon and Teresa Andrews, who were also expecting their first child. The couples chatted about the cost of baby supplies and discovered that they lived just four streets away from each other. They also talked about due dates, genders, and other normal baby talk. Days following that meeting Michelle announced that there had been a mistake with her sonogram and that her baby was actually a boy. Teresa Andrews Disappears On Sept. 27, Jon Andrews received a call at work from Teresa at around 9 a.m. She was trying to sell her jeep and a woman had called saying she was interested in buying it.  Jon cautioned her to be careful and throughout the day tried to reach her to see how she was and if she sold the jeep, but his calls went unanswered. When he returned home he discovered both Teresa and the jeep were gone although she had left behind her purse and cell phone. He knew then that something was wrong and feared that his wife was in danger. Four Streets Over On the same day, Thomas Bica also received a call at his job from his wife. It was great news. Michelle, in a series of dramatic events, had given birth to their new baby boy. She explained that her water broke and she was taken to a hospital in an ambulance, had given birth, but was sent home with the newborn because of a tuberculosis scare at the hospital. Family and friends were told the good news and over the next week people came by to see the Bicas new baby which they named Michael Thomas. Friends described Thomas as a classic new dad who was ecstatic about their new baby. Michelle, however, seemed distant and depressed. She talked about the news of the missing woman and said she was not going to display the new baby flag in the yard out of respect for the Andrewses. The Investigation The following week, investigators tried to piece together clues into Teresas disappearance. A break in the case came when they identified the woman through phone records who called Theresa about the car. The woman was Michelle Bica. During the first interview with detectives, Michelle appeared evasive and nervous when she told them about her activities on Sept. 27. When the FBI checked out her story they found that she had never been to the hospital and there was not a tuberculosis scare. Her story appeared to be a lie. On October 2, detectives returned to do a second interview with Michelle, but as they pulled into the driveway, she locked herself in a bedroom, put a gun into her mouth, and shot and killed herself. Thomas was found outside the locked bedroom door in tears. The body of Teresa Andrews was found in a shallow grave covered in gravel inside the Bicas garage. She had been shot in the back and her abdomen had been cut opened and her baby removed. Authorities took the newborn baby from the Bica home to the hospital. After several days of testing,  DNA results proved that the baby belonged to Jon Andrews. The Aftermath Thomas Bica told police he believed everything Michelle had told him about her pregnancy and the birth of their son. He was given 12 hours of polygraph examinations which he passed. This along with the results of the investigation convinced the authorities that Thomas was not involved in the crime. Oscar Gavin Andrews Jon Andrews was left to mourn the loss of his childhood sweetheart, wife, and mother of his child. He found some solace in the fact that the baby, renamed as Teresa had always wanted, Oscar Gavin Andrews, had miraculously survived the brutal attack.

The Cost of Capital; Financial Leverage; Which Counts Most Term Paper

The Cost of Capital; Financial Leverage; Which Counts Most - Term Paper Example The high sale will result in higher profits and a reduction in variable costs signifies that the organization does not have to incur any extra expenses for each unit sold. An increased volume of sales will enable to company to save gain benefits from its fixed costs. The idea of operating leverage was initially developed for utilizing in capital budgeting. Operating leverage is a significant concept as it affects how responsive profits are to transforms into sales volume. â€Å"The Degree of Operating leverage is a function of the cost structure of a firm and is usually defined in terms of the relationship between fixed cost and total costs. A firm that has high fixed costs relative to total costs is said to have operating leverage. A firm with high operating leverage will also have higher variability in operating income than would a firm producing a similar product with low operating leverage† (Choi 20). Other things remaining the same, the high difference in operating income will guide to a high beta for the industry with higher operating leverage. It is helpful to recognize how operating profit will vary with a given change in units formed; operating leverage is helpful to decide the business risks. Operating leverage can also be understood as the degree to which an organization utilizes fixed costs in creating its goods or offering its facilities. A fixed cost contains advertising expenses, equipment and technology, administrative costs, taxes, and depreciation. However, it excludes interest on debt, which is an element of financial leverage. By using fixed production costs, an organization can raise its earnings. If an organization has a high amount of fixed costs, it has a high level of operating leverage. High-tech and automated companies, airlines, utility companies etc commonly have high amounts of operating leverage. The difference between variable and fixed costs is an old idea. This separation of costs by behavior is the basis for breakeven a nalysis. â€Å"The idea of â€Å"break even analysis† is based on the simple question of how many units of product or service a business must sell in order to cover its fixed costs before beginning to make a profit. Presumably, unit prices are set at a level high enough to recoup all direct unit costs and leave a margin of contribution toward fixed cost and profit† (Helfert 193). Once adequate units have been sold to accrue the total contribution required to offset every fixed costs, the margin from any extra units sold will become revenue unless a latest layer of fixed expenses has to be added at any future point to support the high volume. Understanding this attitude will enhance the insight into how operational features of a business involve the elements of financial projections and planning. This information is also useful in setting operational strategies, which, particularly in an unstable business setting might, for instance, focus on reducing fixed costs during outsourcing certain operations. Cost of Capital: The cost of capital means the required rate of return for making capital budgeting. Cost of capital comprises the cost of debt and the cost of equity acquired through different sources. Cost of capital is the average rate of return required by the investors for their long term investments such as equity fund, preference fund and long term capital. When the firm makes long term investm

EXAM Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

EXAM - Assignment Example The impacts of the United States Tax Code on the amount of capital held by the insurers The United States code has reformed in such a way that the individuals who are eligible for paying the insurance fee receive much of the benefits from the insurance companies. The tax codes instituted by the United States have increased the number of people covered in the insurance plans. This enhances a lot of capital tied up in the insurance issues. This increases the amount of capital held by the insurers. Reason why workers are willing to accept the pay as you earn plan instead of the private pension plan One of the fundamental reasons why workers would prefer the pay as you go unfunded pension plans to the private pension plans is due to the cost burden associate with the private pension plan The Pay as you go pension plan offers provisions that allow a regular deduction of a specified amount from the worker’s salary. This would enhance a long run cost benefit to the workers. Private p ension plans also do not have any subsidy and; therefore, the workers may not prefer it. Benefits planners and statutory laws The benefit planners ought to understand the statutory laws provided in the carious sources in order to facilitate an effective plan design and management within the various sectors. Statutory laws are essential to the benefit planners since they are the basis of all other rules, court cases, and regulations affecting the planners. Sources of statutory law in the benefit area The internal revenue code is one of the sources of statutory laws in the benefit area. This involves the taxation that pertains to the amount of deductibles and taxation pensions to the employee benefit programs. This is essential in the determination of the amount of funds deductible from the different employees. It contributes the pay as you go pension plans. Security laws are another statutory law in the benefit area. It involves the protection of the investors. This benefit plan is e ssential in the protection of the amount of money that the employees have. It is, therefore, essential in ensuring the protection of the employee’s excess funds placed forwards as investments. Civil rights laws are also a given law designed for the statutory sectors. This part of the employee compensation policies prohibits different discriminatory elements in employment. This is essential in enhancing fair employee practices during operations. Employee Retirements Income Security Act also affects the benefit planners. This involves the provisions set aside to safeguard the employees’ funds set aside for future benefits. This act ensures protection against fraudulent actions on employee benefit funds. Realized rate of return John’s salary= $20,000 Contribution= 3% Pre-tax return= 15% Tax bracket= 28% John contribution = Yield/dividend after 1year= Final yield= $600+$90= $690 After tax rate of return = Tax deducted = Final amount = $690-$74.52= $615.48 Realized r ate of return = Realized rate of return= 2.58% Mr. Miller’s Illness Mr. Miller’s illness falls under critical illness. By medical diagnosis, to the extent that Mr. Miller have been bedridden for the last three months and does not take solid food, he must be have been diagnosed with histological conformation shown by rapid growth of malignant cells and invasion of tissues of the digestive system. Insurance policies treat these conditions as critical illness. Part A question 1 The liability in this case may be

Revelation Essay -- essays research papers

Revelation   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã¢â‚¬Å"Revelation† starts off at a small town doctor’s office in the waiting room. Mrs. Turpin and several other characters are making small talk as they wait to see the doctor. Mrs. Turpin’s words quickly reveal the fact that she is a prejudiced snob. She is very quick to judge everyone in the room. Mary Grace is an ugly girl who is setting in the room listening to all of Mrs. Turpin’s judgments. Mary Grace gets very upset with Mrs. Turpin for being so judgmental. Instead of saying something to make her stop, Mary Grace throws her book at Mrs. Turpin. She then continues to hit and strangle Mrs. Turpin. During the struggle, Mary Grace calls Mrs. Turpin and â€Å"old warthog from hell†. Mrs. Turpin goes on with her day very angry. She could not understand what she had in common with a warthog since she was better than everyone else. While Mrs. Turpin was taking care of her family’s pigs she had a revelation. She was talking to God and she realized that she was wrong for making judgments so quickly and thinking that she was better than others.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  There are two conflicts in â€Å"Revelation†. The first is the physical conflict between Mary Grace and Mrs. Turpin. The conflict is man versus man because there are two people physically battling. Mary Grace begins by throwing her book at Mrs. Turpin and then hits her and puts her hands around Mrs. Turpin’s neck as if to strangle her. The conflict is ...

History of Art Forgery

University of Central Missouri The Art of Forgery History of Art Forgery 4/15/2012| Abstract The purpose of this paper is to examine the history of Art Forgery and the history of one of the greatest art forgers of our time, Tom Keating. The paper will go into the basic history of art forgery from the first recorded art forgery all the way up to the ways forgeries are made today. It will also go into the changes of how forgeries were detected and how forgers are prosecuted. The history of art forgery is not as sinister as some people may believe.In the past, and in some art schools today, students were/are made to copy the works of the master artists, such as Leonardo, Michelangelo, Van Gogh, Monet, and countless others, to hone their skills and practice. In years long past the masters would create their originals and then many copies would be made to make it visible to many people all over the world and to enhance the likelihood that the art would survive the ages. (Dutton, 1983) Thi s went on for years without any thought but as time went on more and more of the masters art started to surface the need for experts were needed to make sure the art in question was the real thing.In the past a person would have to spend years if not a lifetime researching and studying the way an artist would paint by looking at brush strokes, type of paint and canvas used, and other distinctive characteristics of the artist. As time progressed those same experts became some of the most accomplished art forgers. One such forger was French artist Jean-Pierre Schecroun. Before he was arrested and found guilty of forgery in 1962, Schecroun is said to had produced somewhere around eighty forgeries of artists’ works like Picasso and other modern masters. The pictures were said to have brought in ? 5,000 in two years (Dolice, 2003). Forgeries have become such a common practice that any work that surfaces that is allegedly a work done by a modern master such as Van Gogh, Picasso, Da li, Miro, and Chagall is put under great scrutiny. Along with art experts, art restores make good forgers. In 1970 at an auction house in Europe auctioneers noticed that of all the paintings they were getting ready to auction off that there were thirteen paintings of the famous British painter Samuel Palmer but all of them had the same theme, the town of Shoreham, England.After an article was released revealing their suspicions an art restorer named Thomas Patrick Keating claimed that all thirteen were of his making. Keating was born in 1918 Lewisham, a borough of London to poor un-noteworthy parents. From a young age Keating was a gifted painter and have of love art. After World War II he became an art restorer. (Keating, Norman, & Norman, 1977) After not being able to support himself and his family he became a house painter to make extra money to make ends meet. He did all he could to break into the art market by exhibiting his paintings at numerous galleries but he never got much recognition.In his own eyes Keating believed that the whole gallery system was â€Å"rotten. † He stated that the system was â€Å"dominated by American â€Å"avant-garde fashion, with critics and dealers often conniving to line their own pockets at the expense both of naive collectors and impoverished artists. † (Keating, Norman, & Norman, 1977) Keating had have enough and decided to get revenge on the broken system. He formed a plan to destabilize the gallery and auction system by flooding the market with forgeries. By the time he was caught he allegedly produced over 2,000 forgeries and copied over 100 different artists.In an article to the Guardian, a British news network a friend of Keating’s, John Brandler said that â€Å"He thought, ‘I'm as good as Rembrandt, Palmer, Renoir and all the rest of the classic painters, and I'm going to prove it',† and many think that he did. Known as a forger with a cause he would leave tell-tale markin gs that would one day reveal that the work was a fake. Known to sometimes write on the canvas with lead before he painted, Keating knew that an x-ray would reveal the message underneath. It was also not unknown of him to purposefully add miniscule flaws or to use materials not available in the time of the original painter.One of the more devious things that were done to ensure the fallacy of his works was done to a few of his oil painting forgeries. Keating knowing that one day all oil paintings will need to be cleaned put a layer of glycerol under his painting. When the restorer would go to clean the painting the chemical reaction would cause the glycerol to dissolve and then the layer of paint would disintegrate leaving the whole work a ruin and revealing that it was a forgery (Keating, Norman, & Norman, 1977). He also had specific techniques he would use on forgeries of certain artists.When it came to Rembrandt’s works he would boil nuts for hours to make the paint fad e in the future where true paints from the era of Rembrandt would not. In 1977 after an extensive investigation Tom Keating was finally arrested, not for forgery per-say but for conspiracy to defraud. That same year his autobiography, The Fake’s Progress: The Tom Keating Story was published. The years had not been kind to Keating. Years of smoking and inhaling the chemicals that are used in art restoration; turpentine, ammonia and methyl alcohol had taken a toll on his life. The case was dropped due to his poor health.The case was just what was needed to launch him to the fame that has eluded him when he first started to break into the art market. In 1982 through 1983 he had a television program where he talked about the old masters of painting and the techniques that they and he had used to become famous. The following year in 1984, Thomas Keating passed away from a heart attack. After his passing his works have become even more collectable and many find that his forgeries a re worth just as much, if no more, than his originals (Keating, Norman, & Norman, 1977). Tom Keating was in no fashion one of the first art forgers.As stated above forgery has been around as long as art has. People will always want to replicate something that they find pleasing or today that they can make some money. The concept of forgery has not really changed that much over the years. If you want to forge a famous painting or sculpture you study the original artist, try to copy the style that they use, and use materials as close to those used by the artist as possible. Unlike the process, the methods of detection have made great strides. In the beginning the only way to spot a fake was through examination.Some of the few things beside style that are looked at when determining the authenticity of a piece are frames, signatures on the art, stretch bars, and nail holes. (Fleming, 1975) All of these have possibilities of being originals because all of the following, minus the sig natures can be changed when an art restorer works on a painting but a true expert can tell. As technology advanced so did the ways of detecting forgeries. The development of the use of x-rays has brought about the use of x-ray diffraction and fluorescence. Both are used to determine the omposition of the materials used. In x-ray diffraction, used in the authentication of paintings, not only analyzes the components but also to detect pentimento, the alteration of a painting. Carbon and â€Å"White lead† dating are used to measure the age of a painting, Dendrochronology used to date wooden objects and Thermoluminescence is used to date pottery. (Fleming, 1975) One of the newest forms of authentication is digital authentication. Wavelet decomposition is when the picture is broken down into smaller pictures and then the texture is analyzed by the stroke of the paint.The United States has many laws against counterfeiting and fraud but when it comes to prosecuting forgers they have a hard time proving the burden of proof. Just like the forgers changing with the times, prosecutors have adapted. It has become standard practice for prosecutors to go after forgers under Racketeer Influenced and Corrupt Organizations Act (RICO). This has worked because it is very seldom that a forger works alone. They usually have someone they trust that helps them find a buyer or get the forgeries into an auction.In going after all of the people prosecutors have been successful against art forgers such as the case United States v. Amiel. (Dolice, 2003) Forgers and the sellers of counterfeit art can also be held accountable through civil actions. The Federal Trade Commission (FTC) protects against unfair trade practices in the art market. In 1993 the FTC brought a case against Magui Publishers, Inc. In FTC v. Magui Publishers, Inc. , the court found Magui guilty of and made them pay $1. 96 million in restitution. (Federal Trade Commision , 1993) Art Forgery has been around since a rt was first made.Though it started as nothing but a simple exercise to better ones skill, it has become a crime that is hard to fight. With the discovery that one can make money just by copying an artist’s style art forgers started selling their own paintings as the work of the masters and they haven’t stopped. This brought about such forgers as Thomas Keating, the forger with a cause. As the forgers themselves changed, the ways they were caught have changed to. The introduction of using x-rays was a great advance in the detection of pentimento, the alteration of the original painting.When going after the forgers prosecutors must rely on other means than just federal statutes against forgery. RICO has made it easier for federal prosecutions to go farther. As art continues to flourish, so will the ways that people try to copy that art. In the years to come, forgers will become more and more skilled at the art of copying. That being the case, all who work against forger s must be vigil and work as hard as the forgers themselves to stay one step ahead of them. If not, one day forgers may be making forgeries of the master forgers of today. Works Cited Dolice, J. 2003). Fabulous Fakes and a History of Art forgery. Dutton, D. (1983). The Forger's Art. Berkeley: University of California Press. Federal Trade Commision . (1993). 9 F. 3d 1551: Federal Trade Commission, Plaintiff-appellee, v. Magui Publishers, Inc. ; Pierre Marcand, Defendants-appellants. Retrieved April 2012, from FTC. gov. Fleming, S. J. (1975). Authenticity in Art: The scientific Detection of Forgery. New York: Crane, Russak ;amp; Co Inc. Keating, T. , Norman, G. , ;amp; Norman, F. (1977). The Fake's Progress: The Tom Keating Story. London: Hutchinson and Company.